Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia | OTHER |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
This is a cluster randomised controlled trial covering all general practitioners working in the National Health System (SNS) and all pharmacists working in community pharmacies in the area covered by the Health Region Administration of Center (ARS-C) . A specific educative intervention, designed from gaps detected in knowledge and attitudes with respect to antibiotics and resistance, will be carried out on the intervention group. The control group will not receive any specific intervention.
Hypotheses:
The intervention will consist of group outreach visits (40 minutes), and will be targeted at changing the knowledge-attitudes previously found to be associated with poor prescribing of antibiotics in the case of physicians and propensity to dispense antibiotics without medical prescription in the case of pharmacists.. An observational cohort study of a sample of 1100 primary care physicians and 1200 community pharmacists will be carried out to identify knowledge-attitudes associated with inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics. The independent variables (knowledge-attitudes) will be assessed by a self-administered postal questionnaire and dependent variables are some quantity and quality indicators of the prescribing antibiotics, and consumption data.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Educational multifaceted intervention | Experimental | Multidisciplinary and multifaceted educational intervention about antibiotic prescription and dispense, in physicians and pharmacists. |
|
| Control | No Intervention | Physicians and pharmacists that not received the multidisciplinary and multifaceted educational intervention about antibiotic prescription and dispense. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multidisciplinary and multifaceted educational intervention. | Other | Outreach visits (40 minutes) which included a PowerPoint presentation and impress materials: poster; flyers; participation certificate and articles mentioned in the presentation. This outreach visit aimed to change the knowledge-attitudes previously identified in a previous study as being associated with poor prescribing of antibiotics in the case of physicians and propensity to dispense antibiotics without medical prescription in the case of pharmacists. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline Antibiotic Consumption at 18 Months, in Primary Care | To quantify antibiotic drug consumption, we used monthly sales data sourced from IMS Health® and we used the quality indicators validated by Coenen S et al., (2007) to calculate monthly prescribing rates. | up to 18 months |
| Antibiotic Monthly Sales Data and Quality Indicators Monthly Prescribing Rates. | antibiotic monthly sales data, obtained from IMS and quality indicators monthly prescribing rates, according to the ESAC indicators. | May 2012- September 2014 |
Not provided
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31257435 | Derived | Teixeira Rodrigues A, Roque F, Pineiro-Lamas M, Falcao A, Figueiras A, Herdeiro MT. Effectiveness of an intervention to improve antibiotic-prescribing behaviour in primary care: a controlled, interrupted time-series study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019 Sep 1;74(9):2788-2796. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkz244. | |
| 27415585 | Derived |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Control Group | Control group (n~ 791 GPs and n~888 pharmacists), not received the intervention. |
| FG001 | Intervention Group | The intervention group (n~ 309 GPs and n~312 pharmacists). Received the intervention (n~ 197 GPs and n~173 pharmacists) |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a joint educational intervention on overall antibiotic use, targeted at primary care physicians and community pharmacists.The sociodemographic data was not collected for this educational intervention study.We collected this data (age, sex) during the cross-sectional and cohort studies.
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Intervention Group | Intervention group (n~ 309 GPs and n~312 pharmacists). Attended to the intervention, (n~ 197 GPs and n~173 pharmacists). |
| BG001 | Control Group | Intervention group (n~ 791 GPs and n~888 pharmacists). |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Data not collected |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change From Baseline Antibiotic Consumption at 18 Months, in Primary Care | To quantify antibiotic drug consumption, we used monthly sales data sourced from IMS Health® and we used the quality indicators validated by Coenen S et al., (2007) to calculate monthly prescribing rates. | The analysis was performed with the intention to treat and the PID was assessed. These values correspond to the post-intervention period. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | PID-number of packages per 1000 inhabit | up to 18 months |
|
Not provided
The educational intervention, was an intervention to change behavior and knowledge of antibiotic use and not a clinical trial with medicines.
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Intervention Group | Intervention group (n~ 309 GPs and n~312 pharmacists). Attended to the intervention, (n~ 197 GPs and n~173 pharmacists). |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teresa Herdeiro | University Aveiro | +351234370200 | teresaherdeiro@ua.pt |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| Roque F, Teixeira-Rodrigues A, Breitenfeld L, Pineiro-Lamas M, Figueiras A, Herdeiro MT. Decreasing antibiotic use through a joint intervention targeting physicians and pharmacists. Future Microbiol. 2016 Jul;11:877-86. doi: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0010. Epub 2016 Jul 14. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Data not collected. | data not collected | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| OG001 | Control Group | Did not received in the multidisciplinary and multifaceted educational intervention about antibiotic prescription and dispense. |
|
|
| Primary | Antibiotic Monthly Sales Data and Quality Indicators Monthly Prescribing Rates. | antibiotic monthly sales data, obtained from IMS and quality indicators monthly prescribing rates, according to the ESAC indicators. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | PID-number of packages per 1000 inhabit | May 2012- September 2014 |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 0 |
| 0 |
| 0 |
| 0 |
| 0 |
| EG001 | Control Group | The control group (n~791 GP and n~888 pharmacists) Not attending to the intervention. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided