Inclusion Criteria:
MUST BE A RESIDENT OF BROADWAY HOME, SAN DIEGO, OR A SERVICE USER OF THE MEETING PLACE, ARETA CROWELL, OR PROJECT ENABLE.
- Voluntary informed consent to participate
- Age 18 to 65
- DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder based on MINI/SCID
- Moderate-to-severe negative symptoms on the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS total score >19)
- ≥ 6th grade reading level on the Wide Range Achievement Test-4 Reading subtest (needed for reading treatment manual)
- Stable on medications; no changes within 3 months prior to enrollment
Exclusion Criteria:
- Prior CBT, SST, or CCT in the past 5 years
- Severe positive symptoms on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS Delusions, Disorganization, Hallucinations, or Suspiciousness >5)
- Severe depression on the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS >8)
- Ocular damage/disease/surgery/medications that affect pupil dilation
- DSM-IV alcohol or substance dependence diagnosis in past 6 months based on the MINI or SCID
- Level of care required interferes with outpatient therapy (e.g., hospitalized; severe medical illness) .