Placebo

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) will be used to measure symptom severity in this trial. PANSS is a 30-item questionnaire used to evaluate schizophrenia symptoms, based on the clinical interview as well as reports of family members or primary care hospital workers. PANSS consists of Positive scale (7 items), Negative scale (7 items), and General Psychopathological scale (16 items) sections. Each item (symptom) will be scored on a 7-point scale with higher scores representing increasing levels of psychopathology: 1) Absent, 2) Minimal, 3) Mild, 4) Moderate, 5) Moderate severe, 6) Severe, and 7) Extreme. Negative scale: 7 Items, (minimum score = 7, maximum score = 49)

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) will be used to measure symptom severity in this trial. PANSS is a 30-item questionnaire used to evaluate schizophrenia symptoms, based on the clinical interview as well as reports of family members or primary care hospital workers. PANSS consists of Positive scale (7 items), Negative scale (7 items), and General Psychopathological scale (16 items) sections. Each item (symptom) will be scored on a 7-point scale with higher scores representing increasing levels of psychopathology: 1) Absent, 2) Minimal, 3) Mild, 4) Moderate, 5) Moderate severe, 6) Severe, and 7) Extreme. General Psychopathology Subscale: 16 Items, (minimum score = 16, maximum score = 112)

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) will be used to measure symptom severity in this trial. PANSS is a 30-item questionnaire used to evaluate schizophrenia symptoms, based on the clinical interview as well as reports of family members or primary care hospital workers. PANSS consists of Positive scale (7 items), Negative scale (7 items), and General Psychopathological scale (16 items) sections. Each item (symptom) will be scored on a 7-point scale with higher scores representing increasing levels of psychopathology: 1) Absent, 2) Minimal, 3) Mild, 4) Moderate, 5) Moderate severe, 6) Severe, and 7) Extreme. Total score minimum = 30, maximum = 210.

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) will be used to measure symptom severity in this trial. PANSS is a 30-item questionnaire used to evaluate schizophrenia symptoms, based on the clinical interview as well as reports of family members or primary care hospital workers. PANSS consists of Positive scale (7 items), Negative scale (7 items), and General Psychopathological scale (16 items) sections. Each item (symptom) will be scored on a 7-point scale with higher scores representing increasing levels of psychopathology: 1) Absent, 2) Minimal, 3) Mild, 4) Moderate, 5) Moderate severe, 6) Severe, and 7) Extreme. Total score minimum = 30, maximum = 210.

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) will be used to measure symptom severity in this trial. PANSS is a 30-item questionnaire used to evaluate schizophrenia symptoms, based on the clinical interview as well as reports of family members or primary care hospital workers. PANSS consists of Positive scale (7 items), Negative scale (7 items), and General Psychopathological scale (16 items) sections. Each item (symptom) will be scored on a 7-point scale with higher scores representing increasing levels of psychopathology: 1) Absent, 2) Minimal, 3) Mild, 4) Moderate, 5) Moderate severe, 6) Severe, and 7) Extreme. Positive subscore scale: 7 items (minimum score = 7; maximum score = 49)

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) will be used to measure symptom severity in this trial. PANSS is a 30-item questionnaire used to evaluate schizophrenia symptoms, based on the clinical interview as well as reports of family members or primary care hospital workers. PANSS consists of Positive scale (7 items), Negative scale (7 items), and General Psychopathological scale (16 items) sections. Each item (symptom) will be scored on a 7-point scale with higher scores representing increasing levels of psychopathology: 1) Absent, 2) Minimal, 3) Mild, 4) Moderate, 5) Moderate severe, 6) Severe, and 7) Extreme. Negative subscore scale: 7 items (minimum score = 7; maximum score = 49)

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) will be used to measure symptom severity in this trial. PANSS is a 30-item questionnaire used to evaluate schizophrenia symptoms, based on the clinical interview as well as reports of family members or primary care hospital workers. PANSS consists of Positive scale (7 items), Negative scale (7 items), and General Psychopathological scale (16 items) sections. Each item (symptom) will be scored on a 7-point scale with higher scores representing increasing levels of psychopathology: 1) Absent, 2) Minimal, 3) Mild, 4) Moderate, 5) Moderate severe, 6) Severe, and 7) Extreme. General Psychopathology subscore scale: 16 items (minimum score = 16; maximum score = 112)

Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS):

The AIMS Total Dyskinesia Score was calculated by averaging the first 7 items of the AIMS. The 7 items included in the AIMS Dyskinesia Score are rated on a scale from 0 (no dyskinesia) to 4 (severe dyskinesia). Items 1 through 7 include facial and oral movements (Items 1-4), extremity movements (Items 5-6), and trunk movements (Item 7). The AIMS dyskinesia total score ranges from 0 to 4; a higher score reflects increased severity.

Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS):

The AIMS is a 12-item anchored score that is clinician administered and scored. Items are scored on a 0 (none) to 4 (severe) basis; items 8-10 deal with global severity; items 11-12 are yes-no questions concerning problems with teeth and/or dentures.

The University of California San Diego (UCSD) Performance-based Skills Assessment Brief (UPSA-B) consists of two of the five original UPSA domains, finances and communication. Each subscale contributes 50 points; total scores range from 0 to 100 points with higher scores reflecting better performance.

The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS): The C-SSRS is a low-burden measure of the spectrum of suicidal ideation and behavior that was developed in the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Adolescent Suicide Attempters Study to assess severity and track suicidal events through any treatment. It is a clinical interview providing a summary of both ideation and behavior that can be administered during any evaluation or risk assessment to identify the level and type of suicidality present. The C-SSRS can also be used during treatment to monitor for clinical worsening or improvement. It contains 5 rating scale questions (yes/no) for suicidal ideation increasing severity and 5 rating scale questions (yes/no) for suicidal behavior of increasing severity. The time frame is for both lifetime and the past six months for the Baseline/Screening scale and since the last visit for the Since Last Visit scale.

Infusion 1 (Day 0) - Systolic Blood Pressure at all time points by group

"Phase" in this analysis refers to the infusion stage as defined in the protocol.

Infusion 1 (Day 0) - Diastolic Blood Pressure at all time points by group

"Phase" in this analysis refers to the infusion stage as defined in the protocol.

Infusion 2 (Day 14) - Systolic Blood Pressure at all time points by group

"Phase" in this analysis refers to the infusion stage as defined in the protocol.

Infusion 2 (Day 14) - Diastolic Blood Pressure at all time points by group

Infusion 1 (Day 0) - Heart rate at all time points by group

"Phase" in this analysis refers to the infusion stage as defined in the protocol.

Infusion 2 (Day 14) - Heart rate at all time points by group

"Phase" in this analysis refers to the infusion stage as defined in the protocol.

Infusion 1 (Day 0) - ECG measures at all time points by group

Infusion 2 (Day 14) - ECG measures at all time points by group

Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) by Treatment Group. A treatment emergent adverse event (TEAE) is an AE that either began following initiation of study treatment or was present prior to the initiation of the treatment, but increased in frequency or severity following initiation treatment, regardless of causality.

Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) by Treatment Group. A treatment emergent adverse event (TEAE) is an AE that either began following initiation of study treatment or was present prior to the initiation of the treatment, but increased in frequency or severity following initiation treatment, regardless of causality.

The Systematic Assessment for Treatment Emergent Effects-Systematic Inquiry (SAFTEE-SI): This is a self-rated 77-item questionnaire organized into 13 body areas assessing possible adverse events during the course of the trial.

Phase 1 - intravenous dextrose (Placebo) Phase 2 - intravenous dextrose (Placebo)

Subjects will receive i.v. placebo (intravenous dextrose) at Day 0 (Phase 1) and again at Day 14 (Phase 2).

Total of all reporting groups

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) is a 30-item questionnaire used to evaluate schizophrenia symptoms; consisting of Positive (7 items), Negative (7 items), and General Psychopathological scales (16 items) sections. Each item (symptom) is scored on a 7-point scale, higher scores representing increasing levels of psychopathology: Positive scale: 7 Items, (min. score = 7, max. score = 49); Negative scale: 7 Items, (min. score = 7, max. score = 49). For this measure, only the positive and negative scales are included in the total score (min. total score = 14, max., score = 98)

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) will be used to measure symptom severity in this trial. PANSS is a 30-item questionnaire used to evaluate schizophrenia symptoms, based on the clinical interview as well as reports of family members or primary care hospital workers. PANSS consists of Positive scale (7 items), Negative scale (7 items), and General Psychopathological scale (16 items) sections. Each item (symptom) will be scored on a 7-point scale with higher scores representing increasing levels of psychopathology: 1) Absent, 2) Minimal, 3) Mild, 4) Moderate, 5) Moderate severe, 6) Severe, and 7) Extreme. Positive scale: 7 Items, (minimum score = 7, maximum score = 49)

Ph 1 analysis includes the 34 subjects with Baseline PANSS data in the Placebo-Placebo (N=18) and Placebo-Drug (N=16) groups and 22 Drug-Drug group subjects. Per SPCD, the Ph 2 data excludes the 18 Drug-Drug group subjects and includes the 14 subjects in the Placebo-Drug group and 18 subjects in the Placebo-Placebo group with PANSS Baseline data.

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) will be used to measure symptom severity in this trial. PANSS is a 30-item questionnaire used to evaluate schizophrenia symptoms, based on the clinical interview as well as reports of family members or primary care hospital workers. PANSS consists of Positive scale (7 items), Negative scale (7 items), and General Psychopathological scale (16 items) sections. Each item (symptom) will be scored on a 7-point scale with higher scores representing increasing levels of psychopathology: 1) Absent, 2) Minimal, 3) Mild, 4) Moderate, 5) Moderate severe, 6) Severe, and 7) Extreme. Negative scale: 7 Items, (minimum score = 7, maximum score = 49)

Ph 1 analysis includes the 34 subjects with Baseline PANSS data in the Placebo-Placebo (N=18) and Placebo-Drug (N=16) groups and 18 Drug-Drug group subjects. Per SPCD, the Ph 2 data excludes the 18 Drug-Drug group subjects and includes the 14 subjects in the Placebo-Drug group and 18 subjects in the Placebo-Placebo group with PANSS Baseline data.

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) will be used to measure symptom severity in this trial. PANSS is a 30-item questionnaire used to evaluate schizophrenia symptoms, based on the clinical interview as well as reports of family members or primary care hospital workers. PANSS consists of Positive scale (7 items), Negative scale (7 items), and General Psychopathological scale (16 items) sections. Each item (symptom) will be scored on a 7-point scale with higher scores representing increasing levels of psychopathology: 1) Absent, 2) Minimal, 3) Mild, 4) Moderate, 5) Moderate severe, 6) Severe, and 7) Extreme. General Psychopathology Subscale: 16 Items, (minimum score = 16, maximum score = 112)

Ph 1 analysis includes the 34 subjects with Baseline PANSS data in the Placebo-Placebo (N=18) and Placebo-Drug (N=16) groups and 18 Drug-Drug group subjects. Per SPCD, the Ph 2 data excludes the 18 Drug-Drug group subjects and includes the 14 subjects in the Placebo-Drug group and 18 subjects in the Placebo-Placebo group with PANSS Baseline data.

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) will be used to measure symptom severity in this trial. PANSS is a 30-item questionnaire used to evaluate schizophrenia symptoms, based on the clinical interview as well as reports of family members or primary care hospital workers. PANSS consists of Positive scale (7 items), Negative scale (7 items), and General Psychopathological scale (16 items) sections. Each item (symptom) will be scored on a 7-point scale with higher scores representing increasing levels of psychopathology: 1) Absent, 2) Minimal, 3) Mild, 4) Moderate, 5) Moderate severe, 6) Severe, and 7) Extreme. Total score minimum = 30, maximum = 210.

Ph 1 analysis includes 34 subjects with Baseline PANSS data in the Placebo-Placebo (N=18) and Placebo-Drug (N=16) groups and 18 Drug-Drug group subjects. Per SPCD, the Ph 2 data excludes 18 subjects in the Drug-Drug group and includes the 14 subjects in the Placebo-Drug group and 18 subjects in the Placebo-Placebo group with PANSS Baseline data.

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) will be used to measure symptom severity in this trial. PANSS is a 30-item questionnaire used to evaluate schizophrenia symptoms, based on the clinical interview as well as reports of family members or primary care hospital workers. PANSS consists of Positive scale (7 items), Negative scale (7 items), and General Psychopathological scale (16 items) sections. Each item (symptom) will be scored on a 7-point scale with higher scores representing increasing levels of psychopathology: 1) Absent, 2) Minimal, 3) Mild, 4) Moderate, 5) Moderate severe, 6) Severe, and 7) Extreme. Total score minimum = 30, maximum = 210.

Phase 1 analysis combines the 34 subjects assigned to Placebo-Placebo (N=18) and Placebo-Drug (N=16) groups and the 18 subjects assigned to the Drug-Drug group with complete data at all visits. Per SPCD, the Phase 2 data includes the 14 subjects in the Placebo-Drug group and 18 subjects in the Placebo-Placebo group with complete data at all visits.

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) will be used to measure symptom severity in this trial. PANSS is a 30-item questionnaire used to evaluate schizophrenia symptoms, based on the clinical interview as well as reports of family members or primary care hospital workers. PANSS consists of Positive scale (7 items), Negative scale (7 items), and General Psychopathological scale (16 items) sections. Each item (symptom) will be scored on a 7-point scale with higher scores representing increasing levels of psychopathology: 1) Absent, 2) Minimal, 3) Mild, 4) Moderate, 5) Moderate severe, 6) Severe, and 7) Extreme. Positive subscore scale: 7 items (minimum score = 7; maximum score = 49)

Ph 1 analysis includes 34 subjects with Baseline PANSS data in the Placebo-Placebo (N=18) and Placebo-Drug (N=16) groups and 18 Drug-Drug group subjects. Per SPCD, the Ph 2 data excludes 18 subjects in the Drug-Drug group and includes the 14 subjects in the Placebo-Drug group and 18 subjects in the Placebo-Placebo group with PANSS Baseline data.

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) will be used to measure symptom severity in this trial. PANSS is a 30-item questionnaire used to evaluate schizophrenia symptoms, based on the clinical interview as well as reports of family members or primary care hospital workers. PANSS consists of Positive scale (7 items), Negative scale (7 items), and General Psychopathological scale (16 items) sections. Each item (symptom) will be scored on a 7-point scale with higher scores representing increasing levels of psychopathology: 1) Absent, 2) Minimal, 3) Mild, 4) Moderate, 5) Moderate severe, 6) Severe, and 7) Extreme. Negative subscore scale: 7 items (minimum score = 7; maximum score = 49)

Phase 1 analysis combines the 34 subjects assigned to Placebo-Placebo (N=18) and Placebo-Drug (N=16) groups and the 18 subjects assigned to the Drug-Drug group with complete data at all visits. Per SPCD, the Phase 2 data includes the 14 subjects in the Placebo-Drug group and 18 subjects in the Placebo-Placebo group with complete data at all visits.

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) will be used to measure symptom severity in this trial. PANSS is a 30-item questionnaire used to evaluate schizophrenia symptoms, based on the clinical interview as well as reports of family members or primary care hospital workers. PANSS consists of Positive scale (7 items), Negative scale (7 items), and General Psychopathological scale (16 items) sections. Each item (symptom) will be scored on a 7-point scale with higher scores representing increasing levels of psychopathology: 1) Absent, 2) Minimal, 3) Mild, 4) Moderate, 5) Moderate severe, 6) Severe, and 7) Extreme. General Psychopathology subscore scale: 16 items (minimum score = 16; maximum score = 112)

Ph 1 analysis includes 34 subjects with Baseline PANSS data in the Placebo-Placebo (N=18) and Placebo-Drug (N=16) groups and 18 Drug-Drug group subjects. Per SPCD, the Ph 2 data excludes 18 subjects in the Drug-Drug group and includes the 14 subjects in the Placebo-Drug group and 18 subjects in the Placebo-Placebo group with PANSS Baseline data.

MATRICS: The Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery is the standard tool for assessing cognitive change in trials of cognitive-enhancing agents in schizophrenia. The MCCB domains include: Speed of Processing; Attention/Vigilance; Working Memory; Verbal Learning; Visual Learning; Reasoning & Problem-Solving; and Social Cognition and the battery takes about 80 minutes to complete. The MCCB composite score represents a global measure of cognition. MCCB composite T scores are between 40 and 60 (normal range) and < 40 (below normal range).

Ph1 analysis includes 34 subjects with Baseline MATRICS data in the Placebo-Placebo (N=18) and Placebo-Drug (N=16) groups and 18 subjects the Drug-Drug group. Per SPCD, Ph 2 excludes the 18 subjects in the Drug-Drug group and includes the 14 subjects in the Placebo-Drug group and 18 subjects in the Placebo-Placebo group with Baseline MATRICS data.

Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS):

The AIMS Total Dyskinesia Score was calculated by averaging the first 7 items of the AIMS. The 7 items included in the AIMS Dyskinesia Score are rated on a scale from 0 (no dyskinesia) to 4 (severe dyskinesia). Items 1 through 7 include facial and oral movements (Items 1-4), extremity movements (Items 5-6), and trunk movements (Item 7). The AIMS dyskinesia total score ranges from 0 to 4; a higher score reflects increased severity.

Includes all subjects with AIMS data at Phases 1 and 2

Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS):

The AIMS is a 12-item anchored score that is clinician administered and scored. Items are scored on a 0 (none) to 4 (severe) basis; items 8-10 deal with global severity; items 11-12 are yes-no questions concerning problems with teeth and/or dentures.

For each item, percentages of participants rated as exhibiting behaviors at the "mild" level or higher, or for items 11 and 12, as being present versus not (yes/no rated) are provided per treatment group.

The University of California San Diego (UCSD) Performance-based Skills Assessment Brief (UPSA-B) consists of two of the five original UPSA domains, finances and communication. Each subscale contributes 50 points; total scores range from 0 to 100 points with higher scores reflecting better performance.

Ph1 analysis includes 34 subjects with Baseline UPSA-B data in the Placebo-Placebo (N=18) and Placebo-Drug (N=16) groups and 18 subjects the Drug-Drug group. Per SPCD, Ph 2 excludes the 18 subjects in the Drug-Drug group and includes the 14 subjects in the Placebo-Drug group and 18 subjects in the Placebo-Placebo group with Baseline UPSA-B data.

The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS): The C-SSRS is a low-burden measure of the spectrum of suicidal ideation and behavior that was developed in the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Adolescent Suicide Attempters Study to assess severity and track suicidal events through any treatment. It is a clinical interview providing a summary of both ideation and behavior that can be administered during any evaluation or risk assessment to identify the level and type of suicidality present. The C-SSRS can also be used during treatment to monitor for clinical worsening or improvement. It contains 5 rating scale questions (yes/no) for suicidal ideation increasing severity and 5 rating scale questions (yes/no) for suicidal behavior of increasing severity. The time frame is for both lifetime and the past six months for the Baseline/Screening scale and since the last visit for the Since Last Visit scale.

All subjects with C-SSRS data reporting suicidal ideation/behavior

Infusion 1 (Day 0) - Systolic Blood Pressure at all time points by group

"Phase" in this analysis refers to the infusion stage as defined in the protocol.

Includes all subjects during Phase 1 (i.e., infusion 1)

Infusion 1 (Day 0) - Diastolic Blood Pressure at all time points by group

"Phase" in this analysis refers to the infusion stage as defined in the protocol.

Includes all subjects during Phase 1 (i.e., infusion 1)

Infusion 2 (Day 14) - Systolic Blood Pressure at all time points by group

"Phase" in this analysis refers to the infusion stage as defined in the protocol.

Includes all subjects during Phase 2 (i.e., infusion 2)

Infusion 2 (Day 14) - Diastolic Blood Pressure at all time points by group

Includes all subjects during Phase 1 (i.e., infusion 1)

Infusion 1 (Day 0) - Heart rate at all time points by group

"Phase" in this analysis refers to the infusion stage as defined in the protocol.

Includes all subjects during Phase 1 (i.e., infusion 1)

Infusion 2 (Day 14) - Heart rate at all time points by group

"Phase" in this analysis refers to the infusion stage as defined in the protocol.

Includes all subjects during Phase 1 (i.e., infusion 1)

Infusion 1 (Day 0) - ECG measures at all time points by group

All subjects receiving a complete or partial Phase 1 infusion

Infusion 2 (Day 14) - ECG measures at all time points by group

All subjects receiving a complete or partial Phase 2 infusion

Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) by Treatment Group. A treatment emergent adverse event (TEAE) is an AE that either began following initiation of study treatment or was present prior to the initiation of the treatment, but increased in frequency or severity following initiation treatment, regardless of causality.

Number of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) in Each Treatment Group

Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE) by Treatment Group. A treatment emergent adverse event (TEAE) is an AE that either began following initiation of study treatment or was present prior to the initiation of the treatment, but increased in frequency or severity following initiation treatment, regardless of causality.

All subjects withdrawn from the study due to TEAEs

The Systematic Assessment for Treatment Emergent Effects-Systematic Inquiry (SAFTEE-SI): This is a self-rated 77-item questionnaire organized into 13 body areas assessing possible adverse events during the course of the trial.

Includes all subjects with SAFTEE data

Phase 1 - intravenous dextrose Phase 2 - intravenous sodium nitroprusside

sodium nitroprusside: intravenous

Phase 1 - intravenous dextrose Phase 2 - intravenous dextrose

Placebo: Placebo