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In this randomized controlled study, the investigators compare two classes of behavioral approaches to change habits and health outcomes with an application to dental health: cognitive vs. behavioral financial incentives. Under cognitive incentives subjects are paid to correctly answer health-related quizzes. Under behavioral incentives subjects earn money for making healthy choices. The investigators apply these incentives to toothbrushing, a daily health-related behavior critical to the prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease, two high-burden conditions among US adults.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | No Intervention | 36 Participants will be sent a new toothbrush and will be asked to use it in place of their current brush. They also receive twice daily reminders via sms to brush their teeth. | |
| Financial Incentives | Experimental | 36 Participants will receive a toothbrush and twice daily reminders to brush their teeth. They will also be offered financial incentives twice a day to brush their teeth. |
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| Cognitive Incentives | Experimental | 36 Participants will receive a toothbrush and twice daily reminders to brush their teeth. Twice a week, they will receive text messages (SMS) with a short quiz question related to oral hygiene behavior and oral health. Participants will receive a reward if they answer correctly via text message. |
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| Financial and Cognitive Incentives | Experimental | 36 Participants will receive a toothbrush and twice daily reminders to brush their teeth. Twice daily they receive financial incentives to brush their teeth. Twice a week, they will receive text messages (SMS) with a short quiz question related to oral hygiene behavior and oral health. Participants will receive a reward if they answer correctly via text message. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Financial Incentives | Behavioral |
| ||
| Cognitive Incentives |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Follow-up Gingival Index | 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Frequency and duration of toothbrushing | 3 months | |
| End of treatment Gingival Index | Gingival Index at the end of behavioral incentives | 3 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Pennsylvania | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 19104 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005891 | Gingivitis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007239 | Infections |
| D005882 | Gingival Diseases |
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
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| Behavioral |
|
| Financial and Cognitive Incentives | Behavioral |
|
| D009057 |
| Stomatognathic Diseases |