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This study will implement and evaluate the effects of a pediatric continuity care intensivist program. This study will determine the impact of an additional pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) intensivist on outcomes at the patient and family level. It will also evaluate the training program to prepare the continuity care intensivist (CCI).
This randomized controlled trial will implement and evaluate the effects of a pediatric continuity care intensivist (CCI) program. The study will evaluate how effective the modified communication training for providers is to perform this new role. The primary outcome for the study is whether a CCI will affect several patient level outcomes for patients who have been admitted to the PICU longer than 7 days. Patient length of stay, hospital acquired conditions, time to limitations of interventions and new medical technology will be assessed comparing the intervention and usual care arms. The study will also determine the impact of the CCI program on parent/family satisfaction with provider communication and decision-making for their child.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| CCI Provider for Parent-patient dyad | Experimental | Parents and patients are randomly assigned to a Continuity Care Intensivist (CCI) Provider who has received specialized communication training. The parent-patient dyad will receive standardized care from the CCI throughout their time in the PICU in addition to being assigned a rotating physician of record. |
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| Usual Care for Parent-patient dyad | No Intervention | Patients and parents randomly assigned to usual care in the PICU which includes the rotation of the physician of record approximately every 7 days. There is no standardized process by which patients may be assigned a primary attending who would follow them throughout their stay. In the usual care arm it may never happen that they are assigned a primary intensivist, regardless of the length of their hospitalization. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuity Care Intensivist Communication Training | Behavioral | Physicians enrolled in the intervention arm will complete a two to three part communication training. Survey measures of communication competency and burnout will be administered at baseline, after training, and at the end of the study. After the communication training, physicians will undergo an OSCE assessment with a simulated patient to evaluate communication skills. At the end of the study, CCI providers will receive surveys that assess the experience and challenges of the role, repeat surveys assessing competency with communication and frequency of engaging families in goals of care conversations, in addition to a follow-up focus group that will assess their experience with the intervention, the time required and the potential tradeoffs in other duties required by them to participate as a CCI. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Difference in patient length of stay in the PICU between usual care and intervention arm | Length of stay as measured by the Virtual PICU system (VPS) in the PICU. | up to 600 days |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Difference in number of new technological dependence patients acquire during hospitalization between usual care and intervention arms | We will measure new technology dependence like tracheostomy, gastrostomy tube, long term ventilation, bipap using VPS during the PICU hospitalization. | up to 600 days |
| Difference in patient hospital-acquired conditions between usual care and intervention arm |
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Inclusion Criteria:
CCI Provider
1. Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Attending Physician who volunteers to serve in the role of CCI.
Usual Care (UC) Provider
1. Any Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Attending Physician who is not enrolled as a CCI.
Parent-Patient Dyads
Exclusion Criteria:
CCI Provider
1. Any medical care provider who is not an attending physician (e.g., Pediatric critical care residents, nurses, and fellows)
UC Provider
Parent-Patient Dyads
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jennifer K Walter, MD, PhD, MS | Children's Hospital of Philadelphia | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 19104 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11805751 | Background | Board R, Ryan-Wenger N. Long-term effects of pediatric intensive care unit hospitalization on families with young children. Heart Lung. 2002 Jan-Feb;31(1):53-66. doi: 10.1067/mhl.2002.121246. | |
| 15530191 | Background | Balluffi A, Kassam-Adams N, Kazak A, Tucker M, Dominguez T, Helfaer M. Traumatic stress in parents of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2004 Nov;5(6):547-53. doi: 10.1097/01.PCC.0000137354.19807.44. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016638 | Critical Illness |
| D003142 | Communication |
| D007049 | Iatrogenic Disease |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Continuity Care Intensivist (CCI) Provider Program | Behavioral | After undergoing CCI training, CCI providers will fulfill a standardized role with parent-patient dyads:
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Using VPS, investigators will track hospital acquired infections like catheter associated urinary tract infections and ventilator associated pneumonias |
| up to 600 days |
| Difference in patient length of time on sedation medicines between usual care and intervention arm | Investigators will track the length of time on sedation medications used during intubations and when there is other medical equipment like chest tubes that it is not safe for patients to be moving. These medications include midazolam and fentanyl among others. | up to 600 days |
| Difference in patients' new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome between usual care and intervention arm | Investigators will use the VPS designation of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome to characterize system failures like respiratory, renal, cardiac failure. | up to 600 days |
| Difference in patient organ failure free days between usual care and intervention arm | Investigators will use the VPS designation of organ failure for systems like renal, respiratory and cardiac. | up to 600 days |
| Difference in patient ventilator free days between usual care and intervention arm | Investigators will use the VPS designation for days up to 90 that the patient remains off of mechanical ventilation. | up to 600 days |
| Difference in change in parent preferences for shared decision-making from baseline to patient discharge between usual care and intervention arm | A decision-analysis method will be used to administer and measure parental preferences for shared decision-making. Validation of the measure is completed but not yet published by the principal investigator. | baseline, up to 600 days |
| Difference in change in parent preferences for control in decision-making from baseline to patient discharge between usual care and intervention arm | The Control Preferences Scale for Pediatrics (CPS-P), a validated tool, will be used to measure parent's preferences for control in decision-making. | baseline, up to 600 days |
| Affects of Parent attachment style on communication preferences | The Relationship Questionnaire, a validated measure, will be used to measure parent relationship style, which is based on attachment theory. | baseline |
| Difference in change in parental levels of anxiety and depression from baseline to patient discharge between usual care and intervention arm | Parental levels of hospital anxiety and depression will be measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS). | baseline, up to 600 days |
| Difference in change in parental levels of positive and negative affect from baseline to patient discharge between usual care and intervention arm | Parental levels of positive and negative affect will be measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), a validated tool. | baseline, up to 600 days |
| Difference in change in parental levels of anger from baseline to patient discharge between usual care and intervention arm | Parent levels of anger will be measured using PROMIS bank v1.1- Anger scale. | baseline, up to 600 days |
| Difference in change in parental levels of hope from baseline to patient discharge between usual care and intervention arm | Parental levels of hope will be measured using the Hope Scale, a validated tool. | baseline, up to 600 days |
| Difference in change in Parent/family satisfaction with decision-making from baseline to patient discharge between usual care and intervention arm | Parent satisfaction with decision-making will measured through several question items designed to assess parent satisfaction with making decisions during their child's PICU visit. This measure was developed through extensive literature review and has been evaluated for face validity through cognitive interviewing and pilot testing with parents and families of children admitted to the ICU. | baseline, up to 600 days |
| Difference in parent/family satisfaction with communication with their child's PICU physicians between usual care and intervention arm | The Pediatric Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit (pFS-ICU), a validated tool, will be used to measure parent satisfaction with communication with their child's PICU physician. | up to 600 days |
| Difference in change in parent self-report of medical communication competence from baseline to patient discharge between usual care and intervention arm | The Medical Communication Competence Scale, a partially validated tool, will be used to measure parent self-reported competency with communication. | baseline, up to 600 days |
| Difference in change in parent assessment of physician communication competency from baseline to patient discharge between usual care and intervention arm | The Communication Assessment Tool (CAT), a validated tool, will be used to measure parent perceptions of physician competence in interpersonal and communication skills. | baseline, up to 600 days |
| Comparison of physician burnout between intervention and control group from baseline up to 600 days | The Maslach Stress and Burnout Inventory, a validated tool, will be used to measure the three aspects of the burnout syndrome: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment. | baseline, up to 600 days |
| Physician satisfaction with the communication training and with the CCI experience. | Questions written for this study that have been written and piloted will assess the physicians' satisfaction and perceived usefulness of the communication training. | up to 600 days |
| Evaluation of CCI provider experience in role of CCI and its feasibility of larger implementation | Both open ended survey questions and focus groups will be qualitatively analyzed to determine the benefits and burdens for providers of serving in the CCI role. | up to 600 days |
| Comparison of physician comfort with end-of-life communication between intervention and control group from baseline up to 600 days | Physician comfort with end-of-life communication will be measured through several question items developed to assess how physicians feel about engaging in end of life discussions. The measure was developed through extensive literature review and has been evaluated for face validity through cognitive interviewing and pilot testing with PICU physicians. | baseline, up to 600 days |
| Difference in timing of patient's limitations of interventions to death between usual care and intervention arm | As measured by a chart review of timing of limitations of interventions including do not resuscitate (DNR)/ do not intubate (DNI) and other limitations like no escalation of care will be described and the time to event of death will be compared. | up to 600 days |
| Frequency of palliative care consultation between usual care and intervention arm | Medical chart review to determine request for and consultation performed by Pediatric Advanced Care Team (palliative care consultation service) will be measured and compared. | up to 600 days |
| Physician competency in communication with families via objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) evaluation | CCI providers will be evaluated using a simulated patient and scored using a validated tool for communication skills including empathy in an encounter in the end-of-life setting. | up to 600 days |
| Comparison of physician self-reported communication competency between intervention and control group | The Medical Communication Competence Scale, a partially validated measure will be used to assess physician self-reported competency. | baseline, up to 600 days |
| Correlation between amount of CCI contact and parent and patient level outcomes | Investigators will categorize the extent of CCI contact and then determine if there is a correlation between amount of contact and parent and patient level outcomes. | baseline, up to 600 days |
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