Population Pharmacokinetic (PK) Study of Multiple Doses of Cubicin® (Daptomycin) 10 mg/kg in Critical Care Patients Having Bacteremia, Endocarditis or Skin Soft Tissue Infections Due to Gram Positive Bacteria With Various Degrees of Renal Failure

Treatment of infections in critically ill patients remains a significant challenge to intensivists world-wide with persisting high mortality and morbidity. Compelling evidence suggests that source control of the pathogen and appropriate antibiotic therapy remain the most important interventions to improve patients' outcome, the latter including the administration of a suitable molecule at an optimized dosage regimen.

Daptomycin is the first representative of a new family of antibiotics, the cyclic lipopeptides. Its bactericidal effect against Gram-positive bacteria, including meticillin-resistant strains, and its low renal toxicity, make it a useful antibiotic in critically ill patients having infections due to resistant Gram positive strains.

Unfortunately, no PK study has been performed in infected critically ill patients without renal replacement therapy. A vast array of pathophysiological changes can occur in infected critically ill patients, leading to changes in volume of distribution and clearance of antibiotics in these patients, which may affect the antibiotic concentration at the target site.

It is therefore important to better characterize daptomycin PK in infected patients with various degrees of renal failure in order to define optimal dosing regimens.

This project aims to identify optimal daptomycin administration schemes in critical care patients with various degrees of renal impairment

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients of two sexes aged 18 to 85 years,
• Hospitalized in one of the intensive care unit participating in the study,
• Under mechanical ventilation,
• Having skin or soft tissue infection, bacteremia or endocarditis caused by Gram positivebacteria susceptible to daptomycin,
• Having given written consent to participate to the study.
• Patients with severe sepsis and septic shock will also be included because it's the very population that may benefit from daptomycin treatment and it's important to get data for these patients in order to optimize their treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant or lactating women
• Obese subjects (body mass index > 40 mg/m2)
• Patients requiring extrarenal replacement therapy,
• Patients having already received daptomycin during the 21 days prior to inclusion,
• Known hypersensitivity to daptomycin,
• History of myopathy
• creatine phosphokinase >5 upper limit of normal
• Patients not affiliated to a social security scheme,Patients deprived of their liberty by judicial or administrative decision