The goal of this study is to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of an intervention to improve diabetes self-management, emotional distress and metabolic control among adults with type 2 diabetes receiving care in primary care practices throughout New York City. The program will be implemented by the New York City Department of Health, through their Primary Care Improvement Project.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 21 years of age and older
• Receiving treatment for diabetes at selected primary care practices throughout New York City
• Most recent HbA1c ≥ 7.5% (max 3 months prior to randomization)
• Ability to speak and read English or Spanish (or someone in the household who will read to them)
• Access to a telephone
• Willing to give informed consent to participate and accept random assignment.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Stated intention to move out of the New York City area during the next year
• Mental incapacity (e.g., confusion) evident on first telephone contact by Department of Health staff
• Treatment provider deems that the patient is inappropriate for the trial