Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Background: The prevalence of obesity has increased throughout the last three decades due to genetic, metabolic, behavioral, and environmental factors. Obesity and high-fat western diets activate inflammatory processes, which promote development of insulin resistance as well as other metabolic complications. Increasing obesity rates are a major public health concern in the Hispanic population due to the large number of Hispanics suffering from obesity. Based on preliminary data, we propose a double-blind randomized clinical trial of Salsalate therapy in obese Hispanic young adults. Salsalate treatment shows promise for decreasing inflammation under conditions of weight stability by reducing macrophage infiltration of adipocytes. Hispanics have the greatest amount of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), liver fat, and inflammation when compared to other ethnic groups, thereby increasing the potential for treatment effects in this high-risk population.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate through a "proof-of-concept" trial that Salsalate induced reductions in adipose tissue inflammation are possible under conditions of weight stability.
Methodology: We will recruit obese Hispanic young adults (18 - 35 years) from hospitals, clinics, and community centers. Study Endpoints: Primary outcomes will be macrophage infiltration as assessed by the presence of crown-like structures (CLS) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies, liver fat, insulin sensitivity, and fasting glucose. We will also assess plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, C-reactive protein (CRP), and SAT gene expression of nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) and insulin signaling pathways.
Intervention and Follow-up: Participants will be randomly assigned to four weeks of treatment with Salsalate (4 g/d) or placebo and will be studied under weight maintenance conditions. These measures will enable us to determine if Salsalate treatment is capable of reducing adipose tissue inflammation and related metabolic outcomes in the absence of weight loss.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Salsalate | Experimental | Salsalate (4 g/day) |
|
| Placebo | Placebo Comparator | Placebo (4 g/day) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salsalate (4 g/day) | Drug | Given orally twice daily |
|
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in plasma glucose levels over a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test | Glucose following 4 weeks of treatment with salsalate (4 g/day) or placebo. A 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test will be performed at baseline and 4 weeks to measure changes in plasma glucose levels. | 4 weeks |
| Change in adipose tissue inflammation | Adipose tissue inflammation following 4 weeks of treatment with salsalate (4 g/day) or placebo. Adipose tissue inflammation will be determined from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies performed at baseline and 4 weeks. | 4 weeks |
| Change in systemic markers of inflammation | Systemic markers of inflammation following treatment with salsalate (4 g/day) or placebo. Fasting blood samples will be taken at baseline and 4 weeks to measure systemic markers of inflammation. | 4 weeks |
| Change in plasma insulin levels over a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test | Insulin following 4 weeks of treatment with salsalate (4 g/day) or placebo. A 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test will be performed at baseline and 4 weeks to measure changes in plasma insulin levels. | 4 weeks |
| Change in plasma fasting free fatty acid levels | Fasting free fatty acids (FFA) following 4 weeks of treatment with salsalate (4 g/day) or placebo. Fasting blood samples will be taken at baseline and 4 weeks to measure changes in plasma fasting FFA. | 4 weeks |
| Change in plasma C-peptide levels over a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test | C-peptide following 4 weeks of treatment with salsalate (4 g/day) or placebo. A 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test will be performed at baseline and 4 weeks to measure changes in plasma C-peptide levels. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in body composition | Changes in body composition following 4 weeks of treatment with salsalate (4 g/day) or placebo. A DEXA scan will be performed at baseline and 4 weeks to measure any potential changes in body composition (body fat and lean tissue mass). | 4 weeks |
| Change in ectopic fat |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Michael I Goran, PhD | University of Southern California | Principal Investigator |
| Tanya L Alderete | University of Southern California | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Southern California Diabetes Obesity Research Institute (DORI) | Los Angeles | California | 90089 | United States | ||
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23370525 | Background | Goldfine AB, Conlin PR, Halperin F, Koska J, Permana P, Schwenke D, Shoelson SE, Reaven PD. A randomised trial of salsalate for insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in persons with abnormal glucose tolerance. Diabetologia. 2013 Apr;56(4):714-23. doi: 10.1007/s00125-012-2819-3. Epub 2013 Jan 31. | |
| 20231565 | Background |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C014182 | salicylsalicylic acid |
| D012459 | Salicylates |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D062385 | Hydroxybenzoates |
| D001565 | Benzoates |
| D000146 | Acids, Carbocyclic |
| D002264 | Carboxylic Acids |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Placebo (4 g/day) | Drug | Given orally twice daily |
|
|
| 4 weeks |
Changes in ectopic fat following 4 weeks of treatment with salsalate (4 g/day) or placebo. A 3-Tesla whole abdominal MRI scan will be performed at baseline and 4 weeks to measure any potential changes in ectopic fat. |
| 4 weeks |
| Change in diet | Changes in diet following 4 weeks of treatment with salsalate (4 g/day) or placebo. A 24-hour diet recall will be performed at baseline and 4 weeks to measure any potential changes in diet. | 4 weeks |
| Change in physical activity | Changes in physical activity following 4 weeks of treatment with salsalate (4 g/day) or placebo. A Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity questionnaire will be performed at baseline and 4 weeks to measure any potential changes in physical activity. | 4 weeks |
| University of Southern California, Clinical Trials Unit (CTU) |
| Los Angeles |
| California |
| 90089 |
| United States |
| Goldfine AB, Fonseca V, Jablonski KA, Pyle L, Staten MA, Shoelson SE; TINSAL-T2D (Targeting Inflammation Using Salsalate in Type 2 Diabetes) Study Team. The effects of salsalate on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Mar 16;152(6):346-57. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-152-6-201003160-00004. |
| 19337387 | Background | Goldfine AB, Silver R, Aldhahi W, Cai D, Tatro E, Lee J, Shoelson SE. Use of salsalate to target inflammation in the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Clin Transl Sci. 2008 May;1(1):36-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2008.00026.x. |
| 17959861 | Background | Fleischman A, Shoelson SE, Bernier R, Goldfine AB. Salsalate improves glycemia and inflammatory parameters in obese young adults. Diabetes Care. 2008 Feb;31(2):289-94. doi: 10.2337/dc07-1338. Epub 2007 Oct 24. |
| 19104769 | Background | Koska J, Ortega E, Bunt JC, Gasser A, Impson J, Hanson RL, Forbes J, de Courten B, Krakoff J. The effect of salsalate on insulin action and glucose tolerance in obese non-diabetic patients: results of a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study. Diabetologia. 2009 Mar;52(3):385-93. doi: 10.1007/s00125-008-1239-x. Epub 2008 Dec 23. |
| 22784842 | Background | Faghihimani E, Aminorroaya A, Rezvanian H, Adibi P, Ismail-Beigi F, Amini M. Reduction of insulin resistance and plasma glucose level by salsalate treatment in persons with prediabetes. Endocr Pract. 2012 Nov-Dec;18(6):826-33. doi: 10.4158/EP12064.OR. |
| 21938543 | Background | Faghihimani E, Aminorroaya A, Rezvanian H, Adibi P, Ismail-Beigi F, Amini M. Salsalate improves glycemic control in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol. 2013 Aug;50(4):537-43. doi: 10.1007/s00592-011-0329-2. Epub 2011 Sep 22. |
| D001835 |
| Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D009930 |
| Organic Chemicals |
| D006880 | Hydroxy Acids |
| D001555 | Benzene Derivatives |
| D006841 | Hydrocarbons, Aromatic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D010636 | Phenols |