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The aim of this study is to determine maternal androgen metabolism during pregnancy and the impact of androgen disorders on mothers and infants.
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an impaired fertility and significant higher complication rates during infertility treatment, pregnancy and the perinatal period. Complications include the occurrence of multiple gestations, ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome, early pregnancy loss, gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia and need for caesarean section. Moreover, their infants are more frequently born preterm, have higher perinatal mortality rates and are more often admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. The etiology of PCOS is not particularly mapped, but a genetic background can be assumed by analyzing PCOS families. In utero androgen excess has also been suspected to be an important risk factor. Animal studies have demonstrated that intrauterine hyperandrogenic environment affects the offspring by leading to biochemical and morphological features of PCOS. Sex differences in prenatal androgen levels have been observed and testosterone levels in umbilical cord blood and in amniotic fluid are higher in healthy male babies than in healthy female babies. There are just a few reporting on the relation between maternal androgen levels during pregnancy and the respective offspring. The aim of this clinical study is to determine maternal androgen metabolism and the impact of androgen disorders on mothers and infants.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnant women with PCOS and offspring | Exposures of interest: Polycystic ovary Syndrome (PCOS) according to Rotterdam | ||
| Pregnant women without PCOS and offspring | Exposures of interest: Pregnant women without polycystic ovary Syndrome (PCOS) according to Rotterdam |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| correlation of testosterone between mother and offspring | day of birth (within average 24 hours) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| correlation of sexual hormon binding globulin between mother and offspring | day of birth (within average 24 hours) | |
| correlation of thyroid-stimulating hormone between mother and offspring | day of birth (within average 24 hours) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Polycystic ovary Syndrome (PCOS): According to ethnicity and the criteria used for diagnosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects between 2-13% of women of reproductive age (Asunción et al., 2000; Azziz et al., 2009; ESHRE/ASRM, 2004; Wang and Alvero, 2013).
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medical University of Graz | Graz | 8036 | Austria |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20604643 | Background | Barry JA, Kay AR, Navaratnarajah R, Iqbal S, Bamfo JE, David AL, Hines M, Hardiman PJ. Umbilical vein testosterone in female infants born to mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome is elevated to male levels. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;30(5):444-6. doi: 10.3109/01443615.2010.485254. | |
| 20228162 | Background | Anderson H, Fogel N, Grebe SK, Singh RJ, Taylor RL, Dunaif A. Infants of women with polycystic ovary syndrome have lower cord blood androstenedione and estradiol levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 May;95(5):2180-6. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-2651. Epub 2010 Mar 12. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011085 | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome |
| D017588 | Hyperandrogenism |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010048 | Ovarian Cysts |
| D003560 | Cysts |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D010049 | Ovarian Diseases |
| D000291 |
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| correlation of androstendione between mother and offspring | day of birth (within average 24 hours) |
| correlation of anti muellerian hormon between mother and offspring | day of birth (within average 24 hours) |
| correlation of progesterone between mother and offspring | day of birth (within average 24 hours) |
| correlation of dehydroepiandrosteron between mother and offspring | day of birth (within average 24 hours) |
| correlation of Vitamin D levels between mother and offspring | day of birth (within average 24 hours) |
| correlation of prolactin between mother and offspring | day of birth (within average 24 hours) |
| correlation of insulin between mother and offspring | day of birth (within average 24 hours) |
| correlation of human growth hormon between mother and offspring | day of birth (within average 24 hours) |
| correlation of c-peptide between mother and offspring | day of birth (within average 24 hours) |
| correlation of cortisol between mother and offspring | day of birth (within average 24 hours) |
| correlation of luteinizing hormon between mother and offspring | day of birth (within average 24 hours) |
| correlation of follicle stimulating hormone between mother and offspring | day of birth (within average 24 hours) |
| correlation of estrogen levels between mother and offspring | day of birth (within average 24 hours) |
| maternal testosterone | six weeks after birth |
| maternal sexual hormon binding globulin | six weeks after birth |
| maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone | six weeks after birth |
| maternal androstendione | six weeks after birth |
| maternal anti muellerian hormon | six weeks after birth |
| maternal progesterone | six weeks after birth |
| maternal dehydroepiandrosteron | six weeks after birth |
| maternal Vitamin D levels | six weeks after birth |
| maternal prolactin | six weeks after birth |
| maternal insulin | six weeks after birth |
| maternal human growth hormon | six weeks after birth |
| maternal c-peptide | six weeks after birth |
| maternal cortisol | six weeks after birth |
| maternal luteinizing hormon | six weeks after birth |
| maternal follicle stimulating hormone | six weeks after birth |
| maternal estrogen levels | six weeks after birth |
| 15941725 | Background | Abbott DH, Barnett DK, Bruns CM, Dumesic DA. Androgen excess fetal programming of female reproduction: a developmental aetiology for polycystic ovary syndrome? Hum Reprod Update. 2005 Jul-Aug;11(4):357-74. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmi013. |
| 15555509 | Background | van de Beek C, Thijssen JH, Cohen-Kettenis PT, van Goozen SH, Buitelaar JK. Relationships between sex hormones assessed in amniotic fluid, and maternal and umbilical cord serum: what is the best source of information to investigate the effects of fetal hormonal exposure? Horm Behav. 2004 Dec;46(5):663-9. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2004.06.010. |
| 19567524 | Background | Hickey M, Sloboda DM, Atkinson HC, Doherty DA, Franks S, Norman RJ, Newnham JP, Hart R. The relationship between maternal and umbilical cord androgen levels and polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescence: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Oct;94(10):3714-20. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-0544. Epub 2009 Jun 30. |
| 17720020 | Background | Norman RJ, Dewailly D, Legro RS, Hickey TE. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet. 2007 Aug 25;370(9588):685-97. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61345-2. |
| 17403434 | Background | Goodarzi MO, Guo X, Yildiz BO, Stanczyk FZ, Azziz R. Correlation of adrenocorticotropin steroid levels between women with polycystic ovary syndrome and their sisters. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Apr;196(4):398.e1-5; discussion 398.e5-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.12.009. |
| Adnexal Diseases |
| D005831 | Genital Diseases, Female |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D006058 | Gonadal Disorders |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D058489 | 46, XX Disorders of Sex Development |
| D012734 | Disorders of Sex Development |
| D014564 | Urogenital Abnormalities |
| D047808 | Adrenogenital Syndrome |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |