The association between HIV infection , insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus is the topic of many studies that have attempted to analyze the problem from different points of view. In fact, the risk of insulin resistance in HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy seems to depend not only on the same factors that determine its incidence in the general population , but also on the effects of antiretroviral therapy on glucose metabolism. To confirm this observation, studies that have evaluated the incidence of diabetes in patients with HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy have shown that the incidence of diabetes in infected individuals is significantly higher than that observed in the uninfected population. Moreover others preliminar stadies observed that protease inhibitors may induce hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. Anyway at this moment no large data are available that indicate the utility to modify the antiretroviral therapy in HIV positive patients with a damage of glucose metabolism.

ATAGLU is a cohort composed by HIV positive patients in effective and stable combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) with undetectable viral load. All patients studied had carried out a therapy with Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/r) + optimal backbone therapy (OBT) and then in part switch to Atazanavir (ATV) + OBT or Atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) + OBT , in part continue with LPV/r + OBT .

The objective was to characterize the changes of carbohydrate profile of a cohort of patients who made a switch from a regimen with LPV/r to boosted or unboosted ATV.

Inclusion Criteria:

• HIV postive patients
• Patients on stable and effective antiretroviral therapy with a Protease Inhibitor

Exclusion Criteria:

• use of Atazanavir before the enrolment
• pregnancy