Insufficient rate of patient recruitment and treatment.

To collect evidence of the safety of administering donor-derived regulatory macrophage (M reg) preparations to living-donor renal transplant recipients in the context of an international European Union funded consortium aimed at evaluating cellular immunotherapy in solid organ transplantation (The ONE Study). It is anticipated that immune regulation induced by M reg therapy can eventually be used to reduce the need for conventional immunosuppression in transplant recipients.

Decades of immunosuppressive drug development has produced an array of powerful pharmacological agents, but the various drawbacks associated with these treatments leaves considerable room for improvement. By harnessing the power of suppressive mechanisms in the human immune system, regulatory cell therapy may be able to support peripheral tolerance and induce a level of donor-specific unresponsiveness that allows for a reduction in the use of conventional immunosuppression in organ transplant recipients. Several alternative regulatory cell types have been identified as potential adjunct immunotherapies for solid organ transplantation and are now approaching a stage of development that would allow clinical testing in an early-stage trial. The EU-funded international ONE Study consortium aims to answer the question as to whether M reg treatment, or other immunoregulatory cell-based therapies, can be advanced in the clinical management of solid organ transplant recipients.

This particular M reg trial aims to explore the potential of M reg therapy as an adjunct immunosuppressive treatment in living-donor renal transplant recipients through a clinical protocol design shared by other investigators in The ONE Study group testing additional regulatory cell therapies in separate trials.

RECIPEINT

Inclusion Criteria:

• Chronic renal insufficiency necessitating kidney Tx
• Aged at least 18 years
• Able to commence the immunosuppressive regimen as specified
• Willing and able to participate in The ONE Study subprojects
• Signed and dated written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient has previously received any tissue or organ Tx
• Known contraindication to the protocol-specified treatments /medications
• HLA 0-0-0 mismatch
• PRA grade >40% within 6 mo. prior to enrolment
• Previous desensitisation treatment
• Concomitant malignancy or history of malignancy <5 years before study entry (excluding successfully-treated non-metastatic skin BCC or SCC)
• Significant local or systemic infection
• HIV-positive, EBV-negative or suffering chronic viral hepatitis
• CMV negative and receiving a kidney from a CMV+ donor
• Significant liver disease
• Malignant or pre-malignant haematological conditions
• Any uncontrolled condition that could interfere with study objectives
• Any condition placing the subject at undue risk
• Ongoing treatment with systemic immunosuppressive drugs at study entry
• Exposure to an investigational product during the study, or within 28 days or 5 half-lives of the product before study entry
• Female patients of child-bearing potential with a +pregnancy test
• Female patients breast-feeding or that are of child bearing potential and unwilling to use effective birth control
• Psychological, familial, sociological or geographical factors hampering compliance
• Any substance abuse or psychiatric disorder
• Patients unable to freely give informed consent
• Known IgA or IgG deficiency
• Any pro-coagulant disposition causing undue risk
• Previous history of transfusion-associated disease causing undue risk
• Conditions resulting in substantially reduced pulmonary vasculature or increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Diseases causing substantially elevated pulmonary arterial or right heart hypertrophy or dysfunction
• Known atrial or ventricular septal defects posing a risk of embolism
• Known hypersensitivity to components of the manufactured cell product

DONOR

Inclusion Criteria:

• Eligible for live kidney donation
• Aged at least 18 years
• Willing and able to provide a blood sample for The ONE Study Subproject
• Willing to provide personal and medical/biological data for the trial analysis
• Eligible for leucapheresis prior to organ donation
• Signed and dated written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Genetically identical to the prospective organ recipient at the HLA loci (0-0-0 mismatch)
• CMV-positive and donating to a CMV-negative recipient
• Exposure to an investigational product during the study, or within 28 days or 5 half-lives of the product before study entry
• Any form of substance abuse, psychiatric disorder, or other condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, may invalidate communication with the investigator and/or designated study personnel
• Subjects unable to freely give their informed consent