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The study's primary goal is to assess the effectiveness of behavioural activation in reducing depressive symptoms and re-integrate patients with depression into their personal and professional lives thus improving quality of life and helping in attaining and maintaining remission of depression. It is aimed at helping patients re-engage with several life areas that they may have lost in the course of depressive illness. The intervention is centred on behavioural activation (BA) with complementary interventions including recreation activities, and behavioural modifications. The study question is: in patients with depressive disorder attending a specialized hospital based mood disorders clinic, does the addition of behavioural activation program delivered in a group format improve depressive symptoms and quality of life compared to treatment as usual after 18 weeks of treatment? Study investigators hypothesize that behavioural activation is an effective treatment for depressive disorder in patients with depression.
This is a pilot study, a mixed-methods design including an open label pragmatic randomized trial and a qualitative grounded theory approach. Participants will be randomized to Behavioural Activation (BA) (intervention) or support group (control) in addition to treatment as usual. The qualitative component will be used to gather participant's experiences, beliefs and opinions about two topics: 1) the experience of participating in the behavioural activation program and 2) their evolving perceptions of their individual depressive illness and quality of life. Based on the analysis of qualitative data pertaining to the first topic, the behavioural activation program may be modified for the main trial, to respond to patient needs and feedback, in the spirit of delivering truly patient centered care. The qualitative study will involve multiple interviews and focus groups which will take place before, during, and after the pilot intervention period.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Support Group (Control Group) | Other | In addition to usual care, the control group will be offered a support group therapy format delivered at the same place, same visit frequency and duration of program as the intervention group. This support group is intended to simulate the intervention group format to minimize risk of biased estimate of BA effectiveness by reducing the potential placebo effect which can be seen due to frequent clinic visits and having additional attention beyond usual care. |
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| Behavioral Activation | Experimental | Originally a component of cognitive therapy, behavioural activation is the use of strategies such as activity scheduling, master/pleasure ratings, and graded task assignments to change one's perception of specific situations. It involves the use of activities to improve life situations or depressed mood. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Behavioral Activation | Behavioral | Behavioral activation is a therapy, which has been shown to be quite effective in the treatment of depression (Kanter, Manos et al. 2010; Martell, Dimidjian et al. 2010). Although previous therapies have focused more on the cognitive element, behavioural activation on its own has also been significantly effective for depression treatment (Jacobson, Dobson et al. 1996). The treatment works by increasing behaviours that help a patient with depression interact with an environment and providing consequences to positively reinforce "antidepressant behaviour" (Martell, Dimidjian et al. 2010). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Recruitment and retention rates, data completion, and resource utilization. | Assess feasibility of the study process in terms of recruitment, retention, number of sessions completed, average group size and data completion. | Baseline, Week 18 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Qualitative study feedback. | The qualitative component of the pilot study is to assess the need to modify the protocol for the main trial based on participant's feedback. | At weeks 2 and 10 of the 18 week program. |
| Feasibility of economic evaluation using the EuroQol economic evaluation tool; EQ-5D-5L. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Zainab Samaan, MBChB PhD MRCPsych | McMaster University and St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton | Hamilton | Ontario | L8N 3K7 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20053272 | Background | Thabane L, Ma J, Chu R, Cheng J, Ismaila A, Rios LP, Robson R, Thabane M, Giangregorio L, Goldsmith CH. A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2010 Jan 6;10:1. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-10-1. | |
| 15827993 | Background | Wampold BE, Minami T, Tierney SC, Baskin TW, Bhati KS. The placebo is powerful: estimating placebo effects in medicine and psychotherapy from randomized clinical trials. J Clin Psychol. 2005 Jul;61(7):835-54. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20129. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003863 | Depression |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012657 | Self-Help Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009938 | Organizations |
| D004472 | Health Care Economics and Organizations |
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|
| Support Group | Behavioral | In addition to usual care, the control group will be offered a support group therapy format delivered at the same place, same visit frequency and duration of program as the intervention group. This support group is intended to simulate the intervention group format to minimize risk of biased estimate of BA effectiveness by reducing the potential placebo effect which can be seen due to frequent clinic visits and having additional attention beyond usual care. |
|
EQ-5D-5L is a commonly used standardized generic measure of health and economic appraisal in a variety of clinical conditions. This will assist in the exploration of economic evaluation of the behavioral activation program in the main trial. the EQ-5D-5L consists of five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. The response to each dimension is a five-level severity ranging from "no problem" to "extreme problem". |
| Baseline, Week 18 |
| 32411381 | Derived | D'Elia A, Bawor M, Dennis BB, Bhatt M, Litke K, McCabe K, Whattam J, Garrick L, O'Neill L, Simons S, Chalmers S, Key B, Goyert S, Laplante P, Vanstone M, Xie F, Guyatt G, Thabane L, Samaan Z. Feasibility of behavioral activation group therapy in reducing depressive symptoms and improving quality of life in patients with depression: the BRAVE pilot trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2020 May 7;6:61. doi: 10.1186/s40814-020-00596-z. eCollection 2020. |
| 29056608 | Derived | Chum J, Kim MS, Zielinski L, Bhatt M, Chung D, Yeung S, Litke K, McCabe K, Whattam J, Garrick L, O'Neill L, Goyert S, Merrifield C, Patel Y, Samaan Z. Acceptability of the Fitbit in behavioural activation therapy for depression: a qualitative study. Evid Based Ment Health. 2017 Nov;20(4):128-133. doi: 10.1136/eb-2017-102763. Epub 2017 Oct 22. |
| 27965841 | Derived | Samaan Z, Dennis BB, Kalbfleisch L, Bami H, Zielinski L, Bawor M, Litke K, McCabe K, Whattam J, Garrick L, O'Neill L, Tabak TA, Simons S, Chalmers S, Key B, Vanstone M, Xie F, Guyatt G, Thabane L. Behavioral activation group therapy for reducing depressive symptoms and improving quality of life: a feasibility study. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2016 Apr 29;2:22. doi: 10.1186/s40814-016-0064-0. eCollection 2016. |
| 27965817 | Derived | Samaan Z, Litke K, McCabe K, Dennis B, Whattam J, Garrick L, O'Neill L, Tabak TA, Simons S, Chalmers S, Key B, Vanstone M, Xie F, Guyatt G, Thabane L. A pragmatic pilot randomized trial to investigate the effectiveness of behavioural activation group therapy in reducing depressive symptoms and improving quality of life in patients with depression: the BRAVE pilot trial protocol. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2015 Nov 10;1:39. doi: 10.1186/s40814-015-0034-y. eCollection 2015. |