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The investigators will investigate golfers with visual evidence of an involuntary movement while putting before and after treatment with a low dose of propranolol.
Dystonia affecting athletes has received little research attention and there has been a lack of awareness or interest among both physicians and athletes. Task-specific dystonias or occupational cramps affect people while writing, typing, and or playing a musical instrument. Our group has previously shown that a subset of golfers who complain of the yips appear to have a task-specific dystonia or golfer's cramp. The yips are characterized by an inability to appropriately complete a golf stroke, most often putting and chipping strokes. Most individuals with the yips describe a jerking or shaking movement that interrupts their swing. In many cases the yips are disabling and the golfer, including professional tour players, give up golfing.
Golfers who have evidence of golfer's cramp will putt a series of putts during which they will be monitored for arm movements and putter movements. They will then be treated with a low dose of propranolol to see if there is a change in these parameters.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Golfers With Golfer's Cramp | Experimental | Subjects in this arm will be tested with the Opal device, the Science and Motion PuttLab (SAM), and the Surface Electromyography (EMG) to collect movement parameters while putting before and after a single dose of 10 mg Propranolol. |
|
| Golf Pros | Other | Subjects in this arm will be tested with the Opal device, the Science and Motion PuttLab (SAM), and the Surface Electromyography (EMG) to collect movement parameters while putting. The subjects in this arm will not receive any study drug. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Propranolol | Drug | Single oral dose of 10 mg propranolol |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Dynamic Change of Rotation at Impact | "Dynamic change of rotation at impact" is the velocity of rotation of the putter from the start of the forward swing until the time of impact with the golf ball. | baseline, approximately 45 minutes after propranolol dosing |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Total Putter Face Rotation Before Impact | "Total putter face rotation before impact" is the degrees of rotation of the putter from the start of the forward swing until the time of impact with the golf ball. | baseline, approximately 45 minutes after propranolol dosing |
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Inclusion criteria:
Exclusion criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Charles Adler, MD, PhD | Mayo Clinic | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mayo Clinic in Arizona | Scottsdale | Arizona | 85259 | United States |
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Subjects were recruited from Mayo Clinic in Arizona.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Golfers With Golfer's Cramp | Subjects in this arm will be tested with the Opal device, the Science and Motion PuttLab (SAM), and the Surface Electromyography (EMG) to collect movement parameters while putting before and after a single dose of 10 mg Propranolol. |
| FG001 | Golf Pros | Subjects in this arm will be tested with the Opal device, the Science and Motion PuttLab (SAM), and the Surface Electromyography (EMG) to collect movement parameters while putting. The subjects in this arm will not receive any study drug. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Golfers With Golfer's Cramp | Subjects in this arm will be tested with the Opal device, the Science and Motion PuttLab (SAM), and the Surface Electromyography (EMG) to collect movement parameters while putting before and after a single dose of 10 mg Propranolol. |
| BG001 | Golf Pros |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Mean Dynamic Change of Rotation at Impact | "Dynamic change of rotation at impact" is the velocity of rotation of the putter from the start of the forward swing until the time of impact with the golf ball. | This variable was measured at baseline and then again approximately 45 minutes after propranolol in the group with golfer's cramp on the same day. The pro golfers did not take propranolol so they were only tested once, at baseline. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | degrees/sec | baseline, approximately 45 minutes after propranolol dosing |
|
Participants were monitored for adverse events on the day of the study.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Golfers With Golfer's Cramp | Subjects in this arm will be tested with the Opal device, the Science and Motion PuttLab (SAM), and the Surface Electromyography (EMG) to collect movement parameters while putting before and after a single dose of 10 mg Propranolol. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Charles H. Adler | Mayo Clinic in Arizona | 480-301-8100 | cadler@mayo.edu |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020821 | Dystonic Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009069 | Movement Disorders |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011433 | Propranolol |
| D004576 | Electromyography |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050198 | Phenoxypropanolamines |
| D011412 | Propanolamines |
| D000605 | Amino Alcohols |
| D000438 | Alcohols |
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| Opal Device | Device | The Opal Device (APDM, Inc.) will be used to measure wrist movement. |
|
| Science and Motion PuttLab (SAM) | Procedure | The SAM will be used to study putter stroke movement and ball movement. |
|
| Surface Electromyography EMG | Device | The surface EMG will be used to evaluate co-contraction of the wrist flexor/extensor muscle groups and the wrist pronator/supinator muscle groups. |
|
Subjects in this arm will be tested with the Opal device, the Science and Motion PuttLab (SAM), and the Surface Electromyography (EMG) to collect movement parameters while putting. The subjects in this arm will not receive any study drug. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| OG001 |
| Golf Pros |
Subjects in this arm will be tested with the Opal device, the Science and Motion PuttLab (SAM), and the Surface Electromyography (EMG) to collect movement parameters while putting. The subjects in this arm will not receive any study drug. |
|
|
| Secondary | Mean Total Putter Face Rotation Before Impact | "Total putter face rotation before impact" is the degrees of rotation of the putter from the start of the forward swing until the time of impact with the golf ball. | This variable was measured at baseline and then again approximately 45 minutes after propranolol in the group with golfer's cramp on the same day. The pro golfers did not take propranolol so they were only tested once, at baseline. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | degrees | baseline, approximately 45 minutes after propranolol dosing |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 27 |
| 0 |
| 27 |
| EG001 | Golf Pros | Subjects in this arm will be tested with the Opal device, the Science and Motion PuttLab (SAM), and the Surface Electromyography (EMG) to collect movement parameters while putting. The subjects in this arm will not receive any study drug. | 0 | 11 | 0 | 11 |
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| D009930 |
| Organic Chemicals |
| D020005 | Propanols |
| D000588 | Amines |
| D009281 | Naphthalenes |
| D011084 | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
| D006841 | Hydrocarbons, Aromatic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |
| D004568 | Electrodiagnosis |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
| D009213 | Myography |