Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Institute on Aging (NIA) | NIH |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Employers are increasingly looking for opportunities to motivate sedentary employees to become more physically active. Workplace walking programs have had mixed success and typically show most improvement among participants that are already fairly active at a baseline. The goal of this study is to determine whether a financial incentive program can motivate sedentary employees to increase the number of steps they walk per day to meet a minimum threshold.
The primary outcome measure is the proportion of days a minimum activity of 7000 steps or more is achieved. Outcomes will be assessed each week for 3 months using incentives followed by 3 months of follow-up without incentives. Secondary outcomes will include the average steps walked per day.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Active Comparator | The participant will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved their goal for the prior day. |
|
| Gain Framing | Experimental | Participants will be told that they will earn money for each day they walk at least 7000 steps. Each participant will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether or not he/she achieved the goal for the prior day and can collect the earnings. Non-adherent participants will receive messages about how much they would have earned had they met their target step goal. |
|
| Loss Framing | Experimental | The participants will be told that their account has been credited a certain amount of money for the upcoming 30 days. However, for each day they do not meet their goal of at least 7000 steps, they will lose a small portion of that money. The participant will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the goal for the prior day. Non-adherent participants will receive messages about how much the participant would have kept had they met the target step goal. |
|
| Daily Lottery | Experimental | Each participant will be entered into a lottery daily, but participants will only be eligible to collect their winnings if they walked at least 7000 steps the day before. Participants will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether or not they won the lottery and if they met their target step goal. If both occur, the participant will be told how much money he or she won. Non-adherent participants will receive messages about how much they would have won had they met the target step goal. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Financial Incentives | Behavioral |
| ||
| Daily feedback |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Proportion of Days Each Individual Walks 7000 Steps Per Day or More | The primary outcome measure is the mean proportion of participant-days a minimum activity of 7000 steps or more is achieved. Outcomes will be assessed each week for 3 months using incentives followed by 3 months of follow-up without incentives. | Throughout the 6 month study |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Average Number of Steps Per Day | Secondary outcomes include average number of steps each individual takes per day throughout the 13-week intervention and additional 13-week follow-up periods. | Throughout the 6 month study |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kevin M Volpp, MD, PhD | University of Pennsylvania | Principal Investigator |
| Mitesh Patel, MD, MBA | University of Pennsylvania | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Pennsylvania | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 09104 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26881417 | Derived | Patel MS, Asch DA, Rosin R, Small DS, Bellamy SL, Heuer J, Sproat S, Hyson C, Haff N, Lee SM, Wesby L, Hoffer K, Shuttleworth D, Taylor DH, Hilbert V, Zhu J, Yang L, Wang X, Volpp KG. Framing Financial Incentives to Increase Physical Activity Among Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Mar 15;164(6):385-94. doi: 10.7326/M15-1635. Epub 2016 Feb 16. |
Not provided
Not provided
One participant randomly assigned to the gain-incentive group was later found to be ineligible due to previous enrollment in another physical activity study. One participant randomly assigned to the lottery-incentive group switched to a phone that was not eligible for use before the study began and therefore did not receive the intervention.
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Control | The participant will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved their goal for the prior day. Daily feedback |
| FG001 | Gain Framing | Participants will be told that they will earn money for each day they walk at least 7000 steps. Each participant will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether or not he/she achieved the goal for the prior day and can collect the earnings. Non-adherent participants will receive messages about how much they would have earned had they met their target step goal. Financial Incentives Daily feedback |
| FG002 | Daily Lottery | Each participant will be entered into a lottery daily, but participants will only be eligible to collect their winnings if they walked at least 7000 steps the day before. Participants will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether or not they won the lottery and if they met their target step goal. If both occur, the participant will be told how much money he or she won. Non-adherent participants will receive messages about how much they would have won had they met the target step goal. Financial Incentives Daily feedback |
| FG003 | Loss Framing | The participants will be told that their account has been credited a certain amount of money for the upcoming 30 days. However, for each day they do not meet their goal of at least 7000 steps, they will lose a small portion of that money. The participant will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the goal for the prior day. Non-adherent participants will receive messages about how much the participant would have kept had they met the target step goal. Financial Incentives Daily feedback |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Control | The participant will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved their goal for the prior day. Daily feedback |
| BG001 | Gain Framing |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Proportion of Days Each Individual Walks 7000 Steps Per Day or More | The primary outcome measure is the mean proportion of participant-days a minimum activity of 7000 steps or more is achieved. Outcomes will be assessed each week for 3 months using incentives followed by 3 months of follow-up without incentives. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | Proportion of participant-days | Throughout the 6 month study |
|
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Control | The participant will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved their goal for the prior day. Daily feedback |
Not provided
Not provided
Subjects were from single Philadelphia employer; ppts were required to have a smartphone, and their physical activity was not tracked when they did not have smartphone on them; we did not collect baseline data for step counts.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Mitesh S. Patel | Division of General Internal Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania | 215-898-3367 | mpatel@upenn.edu |
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D057185 | Sedentary Behavior |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| Behavioral |
|
| Ineligible (see Pre-assignment Details) |
|
Participants will be told that they will earn money for each day they walk at least 7000 steps. Each participant will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether or not he/she achieved the goal for the prior day and can collect the earnings. Non-adherent participants will receive messages about how much they would have earned had they met their target step goal.
Financial Incentives
Daily feedback
| BG002 | Daily Lottery | Each participant will be entered into a lottery daily, but participants will only be eligible to collect their winnings if they walked at least 7000 steps the day before. Participants will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether or not they won the lottery and if they met their target step goal. If both occur, the participant will be told how much money he or she won. Non-adherent participants will receive messages about how much they would have won had they met the target step goal. Financial Incentives Daily feedback |
| BG003 | Loss Framing | The participants will be told that their account has been credited a certain amount of money for the upcoming 30 days. However, for each day they do not meet their goal of at least 7000 steps, they will lose a small portion of that money. The participant will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the goal for the prior day. Non-adherent participants will receive messages about how much the participant would have kept had they met the target step goal. Financial Incentives Daily feedback |
| BG004 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years of age |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Mean BMI | Mean | Standard Deviation | kg/m^2 |
|
| Median physical activity in the past 7 d, MET-min | International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to calculate the number of metabolic equivalent minutes (MET-min) per participant in the past 7 days. MET-min is the physiologic measure of energy expenditure, with light-intensity activities having an MET<3, moderate-intensity activities having an MET of 3 to 6, and more vigorous-intensity activities with an MET>6. | Analysis population (n=279) | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | Metabolic equivalent minutes (MET-min) |
|
| Race/ethnicity | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Education | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Marital status | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Annual household income | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Number of Participants with iPhone smartphone | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| OG002 | Daily Lottery | Each participant will be entered into a lottery daily, but participants will only be eligible to collect their winnings if they walked at least 7000 steps the day before. Participants will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether or not they won the lottery and if they met their target step goal. If both occur, the participant will be told how much money he or she won. Non-adherent participants will receive messages about how much they would have won had they met the target step goal. Financial Incentives Daily feedback |
| OG003 | Loss Framing | The participants will be told that their account has been credited a certain amount of money for the upcoming 30 days. However, for each day they do not meet their goal of at least 7000 steps, they will lose a small portion of that money. The participant will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the goal for the prior day. Non-adherent participants will receive messages about how much the participant would have kept had they met the target step goal. Financial Incentives Daily feedback |
|
|
| Secondary | Average Number of Steps Per Day | Secondary outcomes include average number of steps each individual takes per day throughout the 13-week intervention and additional 13-week follow-up periods. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | Steps per day | Throughout the 6 month study |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 70 |
| 0 |
| 70 |
| 0 |
| 70 |
| EG001 | Gain Framing | Participants will be told that they will earn money for each day they walk at least 7000 steps. Each participant will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether or not he/she achieved the goal for the prior day and can collect the earnings. Non-adherent participants will receive messages about how much they would have earned had they met their target step goal. Financial Incentives Daily feedback | 0 | 69 | 0 | 69 | 0 | 69 |
| EG002 | Daily Lottery | Each participant will be entered into a lottery daily, but participants will only be eligible to collect their winnings if they walked at least 7000 steps the day before. Participants will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether or not they won the lottery and if they met their target step goal. If both occur, the participant will be told how much money he or she won. Non-adherent participants will receive messages about how much they would have won had they met the target step goal. Financial Incentives Daily feedback | 0 | 70 | 0 | 70 | 0 | 70 |
| EG003 | Loss Framing | The participants will be told that their account has been credited a certain amount of money for the upcoming 30 days. However, for each day they do not meet their goal of at least 7000 steps, they will lose a small portion of that money. The participant will receive either an email or text message (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the goal for the prior day. Non-adherent participants will receive messages about how much the participant would have kept had they met the target step goal. Financial Incentives Daily feedback | 0 | 70 | 0 | 70 | 0 | 70 |
Not provided
Not provided
| D009750 |
| Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| Follow-up |
|