Lack of enrollment

Primary Phase I:To determine dose limiting toxicities and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the oral administration of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in conjunction with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A conventional 3+3 design will be utilized. Primary Phase II: To evaluate the complete response rate in a cohort of patients treated at the MTD, A Simon's Optimal Two-stage design will be utilized.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient capable of giving informed consent
• Patient diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma in both lobes of the liver by one of the following methods (Pathologically confirmed HCC by biopsy or HCC 2 cm with classic radiographic findings of arterial phase enhancement with venous phase washout and pseudocapsule formation on contrast enhanced MRI or CT or Lesion greater than 2 cm with probable imaging features of HCC and imaging findings of cirrhosis and/or portal hypertension or a serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) greater than 200 mg/mL.
• Patient not candidate for orthotopic liver transplantation at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania based on review of patient imaging and history at multidisciplinary Hepatic Tumor Conference at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.
• Age 18 years old
• Albumin 2.4 g/dL; Total bilirubin 2 mg/dL; INR 1.5
• Creatinine 2.0 mg/dL, AST 121 IU/L; ALT 189 IU/L
• Child-Turcotte-Pugh Classification A or B
• Eastern Clinical Oncology Group performance status 0 or1.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior TACE
• Active GI hemorrhage within 2 weeks of study enrollment
• Ascites refractory to medical therapy
• Contraindication to receiving HCQ or TACE
• Unilobar HCC
• Contraindication to contrast enhanced MRI (i.e. unable to undergo follow-up imaging)
• Women who are pregnant
• Participation in another concurrent treatment protocol

1 year

All adverse events occurring during the study period (up to 6 months after last dose of HCQ) were recorded. The clinical course of each event was followed until resolution, stabilization, or until it was determined that the study treatment or participation is not the cause. Serious adverse events that were still ongoing at the end of the study period must be followed up to determine the final outcome.