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Exercise has been found to be effective in alleviating back and neck pain. Two exercise methods which are available in the community in a group format are Yoga and Pilates. While there is some research on the efficacy of these exercise methods for low back pain, there is no definitive research on the use of Yoga or Pilates group exercise for individuals with chronic cervical pain.This study investigated the effect of group Yoga and Pilates exercise compared to a wait-listed control group on impairments and function related to neck pain for individuals with chronic cervical pain.
Individuals reporting chronic mild to moderate neck pain for more than 3 months were assigned to a pilates, yoga or wait-listed control group. The exercise group consisted of 12 one hour small group sessions instructed by experienced Physical Therapists with additional yoga or pilates training. Participants were evaluated at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Exercise participants also completed a follow up 6 weeks after completion.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yoga Group Exercise | Active Comparator | Yoga group exercise will be taught by a licensed Physical Therapist. Groups consist of 4-8 individuals with 12 sessions once weekly over 12 weeks. |
|
| Pilates Group Mat Exercise | Active Comparator | Pilates mat exercise will be taught by a licensed Physical Therapist with additional Rehabilitation Pilates certification. |
|
| Control | No Intervention | Wait Listed control group. Participants complete the same testing and were offered the option of attending the exercise classes on completion. The controls were not included in the exercise groups after completion. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yoga Group Exercise | Other | Yoga poses and postures modified to diminish stress on the cervical region and improve flexibility. Breathing and mind-body focus to address stress-related discomfort. A general Hatha yoga style will be used with components from Ashtanga Yoga. Intensity and range of motion will be progressively increased as tolerated. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline Neck Disability Index | Self reported Neck Disability Index questionnaire | Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 18 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Number of days of pain medication use in the past week | Self report | Baseline, week 6, week 12 |
| Change from baseline in Neck Pain Ratings (NPR) experienced on average over the past week |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of participants with identified potential for adverse drug responses | Descriptive analysis of number of participants with potential for adverse drug responses based on review of medication by Pharmacist | Baseline |
| Identification of frequency of types of medication use in individuals with chronic neck pain |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kim Dunleavy, PhD, PT, OCS | Wayne State University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equilibrium Studio | Bloomfield Hills | Michigan | 48301 | United States | ||
| Wayne State University |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26435334 | Derived | Dunleavy K, Kava K, Goldberg A, Malek MH, Talley SA, Tutag-Lehr V, Hildreth J. Comparative effectiveness of Pilates and yoga group exercise interventions for chronic mechanical neck pain: quasi-randomised parallel controlled study. Physiotherapy. 2016 Sep;102(3):236-42. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.06.002. Epub 2015 Aug 13. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019547 | Neck Pain |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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|
| Pilates Group Mat Exercise | Other | The Pilates mat exercises focus on both spinal muscle activation and stability, progressive endurance of the stabilizing muscles with arm and leg challenges and dynamic mobility. The exercises are progressed from more supported to anti-gravity position, slow increases in arm weights and flexibility. |
|
Average pain experienced over the past week (general, worst pain and experienced with functional activities - sustained positions, upper extremity movement, work, recreation)
| Baseline, week 6, week 12, week 18 |
| Change from baseline Cervical range of motion measurements | Measured with the Cervical Range of Motion instrument (CROM) | Baseline, week 6, week 12, week 18 |
| Change from baseline differences between habitual and self corrected postural position | Sagittal plane position measured for Upper Cervical angle, forward head position, and thoracic width using the Cervical range of motion device. | Baseline, week 6, week 12, week 18 |
| Change from baseline in time for the Timed up and go test | Time to stand from a chair and walk to a standardized distance, return and sit down | Baseline, week 6, week 12, week 18 |
| Change from baseline Dynamic Gait Index score | Series of functional gait activities including walking, walking at different speeds, stepping over and around an obstacle, turning the head and tilting the head while walking scored by an observer. | Baselin, week 6, week 12, week 18 |
| Change from baseline in Activities Balance Confidence Scale score | Self reported confidence in maintaining balance for functional activities. | Baseline, week 6, week 12, week 18 |
Descriptive analysis of medication used both for pain relief and co-morbidities |
| Baseline |
| Frequency of types of potential adverse drug responses in patients with chronic mechanical neck pain | Identification of potential adverse drug responses by Pharmacist from medication review | Baseline |
| Detroit |
| Michigan |
| 48201 |
| United States |
| Oakland Physical Therapy | Novi | Michigan | 48374 | United States |
| Older Persons Commission | Rochester | Michigan | 48307 | United States |
| D001519 | Behavior |