The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation between varying levels of neuropeptides and birth outcomes. Neuropeptides are substances (proteins) produced in the body in very small amounts but without which the nervous system cannot function properly, and which might have a role in the health of a newborn. As part of this study, we are collecting blood samples from pregnant women.

Neuropeptides and hormones can be measured in blood. This study will involve three blood draws from the participants arm. Demographic information will also be requested, and participants will be asked to complete questionnaires about their mood and personal experiences at each visit.

Our hypothesis is that participants with lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) will be at increased risk for poor birth outcomes.

This prospective, non-randomized trial will evaluate peripheral serum blood levels of BDNF in participants recruited from previously identified University of Pennsylvania obstetrics and gynecological (OB/GYN) clinics. A total of 100 pregnant subjects will be recruited consecutively and evaluated in the first and third trimester of their pregnancy as well as within a month after delivery.

The entire project will take one year.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants must be at least 18 years old and being treated at an outpatient OB/GYN clinic;
• At least 8 weeks pregnant;
• Capable of giving informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants younger than 18 years of age;
• History of preterm birth;
• Psychiatric medications during current pregnancy;
• Participants with a history of hematologic disorders;
• Participants who refuse informed consent.

Women from the greater Philadelphia and surrounding areas who are ages 18 to 39 and between 8 to 12 weeks pregnant will be considered for enrollment into this study. All subjects must be physically healthy without a serious, major medical illness as well as be carrying a healthy fetus. Subject will be enrolled through OB/GYN waiting room recruiting, fliers, advertisements and social media outlets.