For non-healing ulcers, abnormal periods of wound healing processes: inflammation, proliferation and remodelling, are believed to lead to chronic wounds. As a chronic "stalled" wound, investigators hypothesized that these glue-assisted closure (GAC)-failed enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) might have a prolonged inflammatory phase modulated by excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines or proteases. The aim of this study was to analyze the chemicals in ECF wounds in order to determine patients' condition and fitness for GAC.

Inclusion Criteria:

• above 18 years old;
• single tubular (tract length >2 cm) ECF;
• low output volume (<200 ml/24h);

Exclusion Criteria:

• fistulas of cancer-infiltrated;
• associated abscess;
• foreign bodies;
• distal bowel obstruction;

Low-output enterocutaneous fistulas receiving glue application