This is a Phase I, five arm, single site, randomized, double blind placebo-controlled trial assessing the safety of tenofovir vaginal gel and film formulations. HIV negative women will be randomized to gel or film, tenofovir or placebo. This study will provide additional information in the evaluation of vaginal films containing microbial agents in humans. In addition to safety, the efficacy of these formulations against HIV in an ex vivo biopsy challenge model will be compared.

This study is the first study assessing the safety of tenofovir film in humans. Tenofovir film is formulated in a cellulose based vaginal film containing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) E5 (5 cp), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC), and glycerin. The excipients of the film have documented safety in other clinical settings.

While the tenofovir film has not been studied extensively in preclinical studies, there are favorable safety data from the macaque study and a substantial body of research with tenofovir gel. It is appropriate to advance the tenofovir film products into a clinical trial for the following reasons:

• No safety concerns were note in the tenofovir film macaque trial.
• The toxicity of tenofovir administered vaginally has been studied extensively. No clinically significant toxicity associated with this route of administration has been observed to date.
• All of the active ingredients of the tenofovir film have been tested in pre-clinical toxicity studies; therefore, the influence of these ingredients on the toxicity profile of tenofovir has been adequately evaluated and has been shown to result in no local or systemic effects.
• The individual components of the tenofovir film have been adequately evaluated and have been shown to be safe.

Inclusion Criteria:

Women must meet all of the following criteria to be eligible for inclusion in the study:

1. Age 18 through 45 years (inclusive) at screening

2. Able and willing to provide written informed consent to be screened for and enrolled in the study.

3. Able and willing to provide adequate locator information at screening.

4. HIV-uninfected based on testing performed by study staff at screening (per algorithm in Appendices I)

5. In general good health as determined by the site clinician

6. Agree to abstain from any intravaginal or rectal product or device or penetration (including vaginal, anal, or oral sex, masturbation, or sex toys) from 7 days prior to Visit 2 (Enrollment Visit) until 7 days after the completion of Visit 3. Only tampons and clinically indicated speculum exams are excluded.

7. Agree to use study condoms between Visits 3 and 4 (if heterosexually active)

8. Willingness to undergo all study-related assessments and follow all study-related procedures

9. Per participant report, using an effective method of contraception at enrollment; hormonal method (except vaginal ring) used continuously for the past 30 days; intrauterine device (IUD inserted at least 90 days prior to enrollment); female sterilization; abstinent from sexual activity with male partner for the past 30 days; or sexual activity with vasectomized partner; and willingness to use effective method of contraception until the completion of final scheduled study visit if enrolled (approximately 35 days after enrollment)

10. For participants older than 21, a pap result in the 36 calendar months prior to the Enrollment Visit consistent with Grade 0 according to the Female Genital Grading Table for Use in Microbicide Studies Addendum 1 to the DAIDS Table for Grading Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events, Version 0.1, December 2004 (Clarification dated August 2009) or satisfactory evaluation with no treatment required of non-Grade 0 Pap result per American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) guidelines or per local standard of care, in the 36 calendar months prior to enrollment.

    Note: For participants aged 18-21, a Grade-0 or adequately evaluated abnormal Pap smear is not required as the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology recommends initiating screening at age 21.

11. At screening and enrollment, agrees not to participate in other research studies involving drugs, medical devices, or vaginal products while enrolled in this trial

Exclusion Criteria:

Women who meet any of the following criteria by participant report will be excluded from the study. Of note, the study is limited to premenopausal women with an intact uterus because the mucosal immune environment differs substantially between pre- and post- menopausal women. Therefore, inclusion of post-menopausal women would introduce heterogeneity into the population.

1. Menopausal at screening (as defined as amenorrhea for one year or more without an alternative etiology)

2. Hysterectomy

3. Participant report of any of the following at screening:

   1. Known adverse reaction to any of the study products (ever)
   2. Known adverse reaction to latex (ever)
   3. Non- therapeutic injection drug use in the 12 months prior to screening
   4. Surgical procedure involving the pelvis in the 90 days prior to screening (includes dilation and curettage or evacuation, and cryosurgery; does not include cervical biopsy for evaluation of an abnormal pap smear or IUD placement)
   5. Participation in a drug, spermicide and/or microbicide study in the 30 days prior to screening or anticipated participation in an investigational drug study in the next 8 weeks
   6. Pregnancy within 90 days prior to screening
   7. Lactating
   8. Use of a diaphragm, NuvaRing®, or spermicide for contraception

4. As determined by the PI, has any significant uncontrolled active or chronic cardiovascular, renal, liver, hematologic, neurologic, gastrointestinal, psychiatric, endocrine, respiratory, immunologic disorder or infectious disease

5. Urogenital infection or suspected infection within 14 days of enrollment including: symptomatic candidiasis, trichomonas vaginalis, and symptomatic bacterial vaginosis; or cervical infection, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), or mucopurulent cervicitis; syphilis; HSV lesions, or other sores (Note: participants seropositive for HSV without active lesions will not be excluded); acute pelvic inflammatory disease; urinary tract infection

6. Antibiotic or antifungal therapy (vaginal or systemic) within 7 days of enrollment

7. Menses or other vaginal bleeding at the time of enrollment* or expecting menses in the 10 days after enrollment.

   Note, for women with monthly cycles, every attempt will be made to enroll these participants in the first half of their menstrual cycle. Women who have vaginal bleeding at the scheduled Enrollment Visit may return at a different date to be re-examined and possibly enrolled provided they are still within the screening window and meet all criteria.)*

8. At enrollment has any of the following laboratory abnormalities per the Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events, Version 0.1 December 2004:

   1. Grade 1 or higher AST or ALT
   2. Grade 1 or higher creatinine
   3. Grade 2 or higher hemoglobin
   4. Grade 1 or higher platelets
   5. Positive for HBsAg test result (Note: otherwise eligible participants with an exclusionary test may be re-tested once during the screening process ).

9. Any condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would preclude provision of consent, make participation in the study unsafe, complicate interpretation of study outcome data, or otherwise interfere with achieving the study objectives