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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute | OTHER |
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Community-dwelling older adults fear loss of independence and nursing home placement more than death. Walking difficulty often leads to loss of independence. Exercise is beneficial to physical and mental health and may prevent walking difficulty and promote independence. Recognizing the importance of exercise, senior housing facilities offer exercise programs to their residents. The exercise programs are often group-based, seated range of motion exercises that do not challenge the older adult; consequently participation rates and resident satisfaction are low.
If the goal is to improve walking to promote independence than the exercise program should specifically target walking. Therefore, we developed a challenging, group exercise program entitled "On the Move" which focuses on the fundamentals of walking. In this research study we will determine if the On the Move program is better than a standard program at improving walking and promoting independence and if the same benefits can be obtained if the On the Move program is delivered by staff of the senior living facilities instead of an exercise leader. To answer these questions, 400 community-dwelling older adults living in 32 different Independent Living Facilities and Senior High Rises or living in the community and attending senior community centers will be randomly assigned to either the 12 week On the Move group exercise program or the standard group exercise program delivered by either an exercise leader or staff activity personnel. Participants' walking and reported ability to carry out everyday activities (functional ability) will be assessed before and after the 12 week program. We will also assess participant safety and satisfaction with the exercise program and instructor.
The findings from this research study will provide evidence for the value of the On the Move group exercise program and will better inform patient choices regarding participation in exercise programs. If successful in improving walking and promoting independence and acceptable to the older adult, the On the Move program could be incorporated into exercise programming for older adults in community centers, health clubs, and senior residences across the country.
This single-blinded cluster randomized trial compares the effectiveness and sustainability of On the Move and a standard group exercise program in 400 community-dwelling older adults. We will also examine the acceptability and risks associated with exercise participation. We will accomplish the objectives by pursuing the following specific aims:
This single-blinded cluster randomized trial targets community-dwelling older adults residing in Independent Living Facilities and Senior High Rises or living in the community and attending senior community centers. The trial compares type of exercise program (12 week standard group exercise program to the 12 week On the Move group exercise program) and the mode of delivery (exercise leader to staff activity personnel). Primary outcomes include function, disability and walking ability. We will also examine acceptability and risks associated with exercise participation.
Study population We will recruit participants from the Independent Living Facilities (ILFs), Senior Housing sites and from senior community centers.
Interventions:
Exercise program comparison. The On the Move exercise program will be compared to a standard group exercise program. Both exercise programs will be group-based and led by a person. Both programs will be delivered by trained exercise leaders or trained staff activity personnel (only when such a person is available). When a suitable staff activity person is not available, the program will be delivered by one of our exercise leaders. The frequency and duration of the programs are identical (50 minutes, 2 times a week for 12 weeks). The main difference between the standard and the On the Move group exercise programs is the program content which is described below.
The On the Move exercise program is based on principles of motor learning that enhance "skill" or smooth and automatic movement control. The program contains a warm-up (5 minutes), stepping patterns (15 minutes), walking patterns (15 minutes), strengthening exercises (10 minutes), and cool-down exercises (5 minutes). The warm-up and cool down contain gentle range of motion exercises and stretches for the lower extremities and trunk. The stepping and walking patterns are goal-oriented progressively more difficult patterns which promote the timing and coordination of stepping, integrated with the phases of the gait cycle. The strengthening exercises are conducted in sitting and standing and target the lower extremity muscles. The majority of the program will be conducted in standing (40 minutes) with only a small portion conducted in sitting (10 minutes).
The standard group exercise program is based on exercise programs that are currently being conducted at the facilities (i.e. standard of care). The operationally defined program contains a warm-up (5 minutes), upper and lower extremity strength and flexibility exercises (30 minutes), static balance exercises (10 minutes) and a cool-down (5 minutes). The majority of the program will be conducted in sitting (40 minutes) with only a small portion (10 minutes) conducted in standing.
Sustainability of the program: exercise leader and staff activity personnel comparison (Aim 2). The sustainability of the program will be evaluated by assessing the effectiveness of On the Move compared to a standard program when delivered by staff activity personnel and by comparing outcomes obtained by the On the Move program delivered by exercise leaders and staff activity personnel.
Outcomes:
Our main outcomes, function, disability, and walking ability are highly associated with independence and are extremely important to the older adult. Our primary measure of function and disability is the Late Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI) and our main measures of walking ability are Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and gait speed. We will also examine confidence in walking (Gait Efficacy Scale), walking under challenging conditions (challenging gait tasks and figure of 8 walk), and gait variability as additional measures of walking ability. All measures will be collected at baseline and immediately following the 12 week intervention by research personnel who are blinded to the intervention group assignment. All testing will be conducted at the ILFs and Senior Housing sites.
Data analysis:
Aim 1:
First, we will perform a multivariate Hotelling t-test to simultaneously compare the baseline to follow-up change in the three primary outcomes between the arms to protect the type I error rate from multiplicity. If significant, subsequent analyses will be performed without further multiplicity adjustment. If not, subsequent comparisons will be performed with a conservative Bonferroni correction at the α=0.05/4=0.0125 level. This protected test approach has been recommended in the statistical literature and used in other exercise intervention trials with multiple outcomes.
Second, we will fit a series of linear mixed models using the SAS® MIXED procedure with baseline to follow-up change in each of the continuous outcomes (LLFDI function/disability, walking ability, other measures of mobility performance) as the dependent variable; intervention arm (standard/On the Move), as the fixed effect of primary interest; baseline value of outcome as an additional fixed effect covariate; and a facility random effect to account for greater similarity of participants from the same facility compared to different facilities and resulting non-independence of observations within facility (ie. clustering). We will construct appropriate means contrasts to estimate difference in gains in the two interventions when delivered by exercise leaders (Aim 1) whose statistical significance of the estimates will serve as formal tests of hypotheses. We will consider adding other baseline measures found to be significantly different between the arms or deemed important as additional fixed effect covariates in the model to assess robustness of the findings. We note that waiting of participants randomized to staff activity personnel classes constitute a group of control participants, if smaller, without any intervention. Therefore, we will perform another sensitivity analysis employing a similar analytic strategy but with three intervention arms (On the Move/Standard/Wait List Control).
Aim 3(a):
We will fit a series of generalized estimating equations (GEE) models(68) using the SAS® GENMOD procedure with each of the dichotomous adverse events, adherence (21+ sessions or ≥90%) and satisfaction outcomes as the dependent variable; a binomial distribution for the outcome and a logit canonical link function; intervention arm, as the effect of primary interest; baseline value of outcome and any other measures found to be different between arms or deemed important as additional fixed effects covariates; and an exchangeable working correlation structure to account for clustering due to facility. We will appropriately construct contrasts to test hypotheses of differential proportions with adverse events based on intervention when delivered by exercise leaders.
Aims 2, 3(b) and 4 Exploratory Analyses
Aim 2:
We propose an analytic strategy with an exploratory philosophy for Aim 2 sustainability aim, because of the uncertainty surrounding our ability to recruit and train a staff activity person to lead a class safely and per protocol.
We will fit a series of linear mixed models using the SAS® MIXED procedure with baseline to follow-up change in each of the continuous outcomes (LLFDI function/disability, walking ability, other measures of mobility performance) as the dependent variable; intervention arm (standard/On the Move), delivery mode (by exercise leader/staff activity personnel) and their interaction as fixed effects of interest; baseline value of outcome and any other measures found to be different between arms or deemed important as additional fixed effects covariates; and a facility random effect to account for greater similarity of participants from the same facility compared to different facilities and resulting non-independence of observations within facility (ie. clustering). We will construct appropriate means contrasts to estimate difference in gains in the two interventions when delivered by staff exercise personnel (Aim 2 effectiveness hypothesis); and difference in gains attributable to On the Move intervention when delivered by exercise leaders and staff activity personnel (Aim 2 sustainability hypothesis). Statistical significance of the estimates will serve as formal tests hypotheses. We note that participants randomized to staff activity personnel had to wait 12 weeks since their baseline assessment and randomization to start the intervention, during which they may have changed; and that they underwent a second baseline assessment immediately prior to starting the exercise intervention. Therefore, we will repeat the above analysis using their second baseline assessment instead of the first one to assess the sensitivity of results.
Aim 3(b):
We will fit a series of generalized estimating equations (GEE) models using the SAS® GENMOD procedure with each of the dichotomous adverse events, adherence (21+ sessions or ≥90%) and satisfaction outcomes as the dependent variable; a binomial distribution for the outcome and a logit canonical link function; intervention arm, delivery model and their interaction as effects of interest; baseline value of outcome and any other measures found to be different between arms or deemed important as additional fixed effects covariates; and an exchangeable working correlation structure to account for clustering due to facility. We will appropriately construct contrasts to test hypotheses of differential proportions with adverse events based on intervention when delivered by staff activity personnel and delivery mode.
Aim 4:
We will perform the exploratory analyses to identify combinations of baseline predictors of treatment response and risks of participating in On the Move program.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| On the Move Exercise - exercise leader | Experimental | On the Move group exercise - 2 times per week for 12 weeks. Each session lasts approximately 1 hour. Timing and coordination exercises to improve walking. Led by exercise leader |
|
| Standard program - exercise leader | Active Comparator | Standard impairment based seated group exercise program. 2 times per week for 12 weeks, approximately 1 hour class. Led by exercise leader |
|
| On the Move - staff activity personnel | Active Comparator | On the Move group exercise - 2 times per week for 12 weeks. Each session lasts approximately 1 hour. Timing and coordination exercises to improve walking. Led by activity personnel. |
|
| Standard - staff activity personnel | Active Comparator | Standard impairment based seated group exercise program. 2 times per week for 12 weeks, approximately 1 hour class. Led by staff activity personnel |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| On the Move exercise - exercise leader | Behavioral | exercise physiologists |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Self-reported Overall Function From Baseline to 12 Weeks | Late Life Function and Disability Index (LLFDI) overall function. Scores range from 0-100 with higher score representing better function. | baseline and 12 weeks |
| Change in Self-reported Disability From Baseline to 12 Weeks | Late Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI) disability frequency component. Scores range from 0-100 with higher scores representing better (less) disability. | 12 weeks |
| Change in Gait Speed From Baseline to 12 Weeks | Gait speed in m/s | 12 weeks |
| Change in Six Minute Walk Distance From Baseline to 12 Weeks | distance walked in 6 minutes | 12 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Who Reported They Benefited a Good Bit or Somewhat From the Class | Participant satisfaction will be measured by satisfaction surveys and personal interviews. Benefited from class a good bit or somewhat | 12 weeks |
| Number of Participants Who Reported That the Class Was at Least Somewhat Challenging |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Attendance Rates | The number of participants attending 20 or more exercise classes | 12 weeks |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jennifer S Brach, PhD | University of Pittsburgh | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh | Pennsylvania | 15260 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27521806 | Background | Brach JS, Perera S, Gilmore S, VanSwearingen JM, Brodine D, Wert D, Nadkarni NK, Ricci E. Stakeholder involvement in the design of a patient-centered comparative effectiveness trial of the "On the Move" group exercise program in community-dwelling older adults. Contemp Clin Trials. 2016 Sep;50:135-42. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2016.08.003. Epub 2016 Aug 10. | |
| 38993047 |
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Recruitment occurred between April 2014 through January 2016. Potential participants were recruited from independent living facilities, senior apartment buildings, and senior community centers.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | On the Move Exercise Group - Exercise Leader | On the Move group exercise - 2 times per week for 12 weeks. Each session lasts approximately 1 hour. Timing and coordination exercises to improve walking. Taught by exercise leader. On the Move group exercise |
| FG001 | Standard Group Exercise Program - Exercise Leader | Standard impairment based seated group exercise program. 2 times per week for 12 weeks, approximately 1 hour class. Taught by exercise leader Standard group exercise |
| FG002 | On the Move Exercise Program - Staff Activity Personnel | On the Move group exercise - taught by staff activity personnel |
| FG003 | Standard Exercise Program - Staff Activity Personnel | Standard exercise program taught by a member of the facility who does not necessarily have formal exercise training. this person will be trained by the research staff to lead the class. Standard group exercise |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | On the Move Exercise Group - Exercise LEader | On the Move group exercise - 2 times per week for 12 weeks. Each session lasts approximately 1 hour. Timing and coordination exercises to improve walking. Exercise class will be led by a person who is trained in exercise such as exercise physiologist, physical therapist, physical therapist assistant On the Move group exercise |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change in Self-reported Overall Function From Baseline to 12 Weeks | Late Life Function and Disability Index (LLFDI) overall function. Scores range from 0-100 with higher score representing better function. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | units on a scale | baseline and 12 weeks |
|
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | On the Move Exercise - Exercise Leader | On the Move group exercise - 2 times per week for 12 weeks. Each session lasts approximately 1 hour. Timing and coordination exercises to improve walking. Led by exercise leader On the Move exercise - exercise leader: exercise physiologists |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chest pain | Cardiac disorders | Systematic Assessment | participant experienced chest pain during the exercise class. participant had a history of cardiovascular disease. |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fall | Injury, poisoning and procedural complications | Systematic Assessment | fall during the exercise class |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jennifer S. Brach, PhD, PT | University of Pittsburgh | 412-383-6533 | jbrach@pitt.edu |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Standard program - exercise leader | Behavioral | This is an impairment-based exercise program focusing on flexibility, strength and endurance and is taught by research staff who are PTs, PTAs, or exercise physiologists |
|
| On the Move exercise - staff activity personnel | Behavioral | this is a group exercise program focusing on the timing and coordination of walking. The program is taught by a person from the facility that the research team trained. |
|
| Standard program - staff activity personnel | Behavioral | This is an impairment-based exercise program focusing on flexibility, strength and endurance and is taught by a member of the facility that the research staff trained. |
|
Measured by question on the satisfaction questionnaire. Question asked participants to rate how challenging the class was. |
| 12 weeks |
| Number of Participants Reporting That They Received a Just Right Amount of Individualized Instruction | Question from satisfaction questionnaire - that asked participants their opinion on the amount of individualized instruction they received. | 12 weeks |
| Number of Participants Who Reported That They Felt Safe or Very Safe During the Exercise. | Question from the satisfaction questionnaire. | 12 weeks |
| Number of Participants Who Reported They Were Satisfied or Very Satisfied With the Program. | Question from the satisfaction questionnaire. | 12 weeks |
| Number of Participants Who Reported They Would Definitely or Probably Continue With the Program | Question from the satisfaction questionnaire. | 12 weeks |
| Change in Figure 8 Walk Test From Baseline to 12 Weeks | Time it takes to walk a figure 8 around 2 cones 5 feet apart. Greater time in seconds represents poorer performance | 12 weeks |
| Change in Modified Gait Efficacy Scale From Baseline to 12 Weeks | Confidence in walking was measured by the modified gait efficacy scale (mGES). Scores range from 0-100 with higher scores indicating greater confidence. | 12 weeks |
| Change in Short Physical Performance Battery From Baseline to 12weeks | Short physical Performance Battery is a performance test that includes gait speed, 5 time sit to stand and standing balance. Scores range from 0-12 with greater scores indicating better performance. | 12 week |
| Change in Stance Time Variability From Baseline to 12weeks | variability of individual stance times during walking as measured from a electronic walkway. Measured as the standard deviation of all stance times. greater values represent greater variability which is related to poorer outcomes. | 12 week |
| Change in Narrow Walk Time From Baseline to 12 Weeks | Time to walk narrow pathway. Greater values (times) indicate poorer performance. | 12 weeks |
| Klatt BN, Perera S, Dunlap PM, Rosso AL, Brach JS. Activity and Participation Are Associated With Future Falls, Hospitalizations, and Emergency Visits in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Phys Ther. 2024 Oct 2;104(10):pzae087. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzae087. |
| 32178633 | Derived | Coyle PC, Perera S, Albert SM, Freburger JK, VanSwearingen JM, Brach JS. Potential long-term impact of "On The Move" group-exercise program on falls and healthcare utilization in older adults: an exploratory analysis of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr. 2020 Mar 16;20(1):105. doi: 10.1186/s12877-020-1506-3. |
| 28806436 | Derived | Brach JS, Perera S, Gilmore S, VanSwearingen JM, Brodine D, Nadkarni NK, Ricci E. Effectiveness of a Timing and Coordination Group Exercise Program to Improve Mobility in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2017 Oct 1;177(10):1437-1444. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.3609. |
| Withdrawal by Subject |
|
| Health |
|
| BG001 | Standard Group Exercise Program - Exercise Leader | Standard impairment based seated group exercise program. 2 times per week for 12 weeks, approximately 1 hour class. Exercise class will be led by a person who is trained in exercise such as exercise physiologist, physical therapist, physical therapist assistant Standard group exercise |
| BG002 | On the Move Group - STaff Activity Personnel | On the Move group exercise - 2 times per week for 12 weeks. Each session lasts approximately 1 hour. Timing and coordination exercises to improve walking. Exercise class will be led by a member of the facility who does not necessarily have formal exercise training. this person will be trained by the research staff to lead the class. On the Move group exercise |
| BG003 | Standard Program - Staff Activity Personnel | Standard impairment based seated group exercise program. 2 times per week for 12 weeks, approximately 1 hour class. Exercise class will be led by a member of the facility who does not necessarily have formal exercise training. this person will be trained by the research staff to lead the class. Standard group exercise |
| BG004 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| Intervention Setting | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Married | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| College education | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Comorbidities | Measured using the Duke Comorbidity Index. The scale asks if a doctor ever told you that you have XXXXXX? The items are consolidated into systems impacted. Scores range from 0-8 with 8 indicating a greater disease burden. | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| Fear of falling | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| fall in previous year | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Excellent/Very good mobility | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Excellent/very good health | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Excellent/very good balance | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Height | Mean | Standard Deviation | meters |
|
| Weight | Mean | Standard Deviation | kg |
|
| Body Mass Index | Mean | Standard Deviation | kg/m2 |
|
| Six minute walk distance | Mean | Standard Deviation | meters |
|
| LLFDI function | Late Life Function and Disability Instrument, Function scale Scores range 0-100 with a greater score indicating better function. | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| LLFDI disability | Late Life Function and Disability Instrument - Disability component. Scores range from 0-100 with a greater score indicating less disability. | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| Gait speed | Mean | Standard Deviation | m/s |
|
| OG002 | On the Move Exercise Program - Staff Activity Personnel | On the Move group exercise - taught by staff activity personnel |
| OG003 | Standard Exercise Program - Staff Activity Personnel | Standard exercise program taught by a member of the facility who does not necessarily have formal exercise training. this person will be trained by the research staff to lead the class. Standard group exercise |
|
|
|
| Primary | Change in Self-reported Disability From Baseline to 12 Weeks | Late Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI) disability frequency component. Scores range from 0-100 with higher scores representing better (less) disability. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | units on a scale | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
|
| Primary | Change in Gait Speed From Baseline to 12 Weeks | Gait speed in m/s | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | m/s | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
|
| Primary | Change in Six Minute Walk Distance From Baseline to 12 Weeks | distance walked in 6 minutes | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | meters | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Reported They Benefited a Good Bit or Somewhat From the Class | Participant satisfaction will be measured by satisfaction surveys and personal interviews. Benefited from class a good bit or somewhat | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Reported That the Class Was at Least Somewhat Challenging | Measured by question on the satisfaction questionnaire. Question asked participants to rate how challenging the class was. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants Reporting That They Received a Just Right Amount of Individualized Instruction | Question from satisfaction questionnaire - that asked participants their opinion on the amount of individualized instruction they received. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Reported That They Felt Safe or Very Safe During the Exercise. | Question from the satisfaction questionnaire. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Reported They Were Satisfied or Very Satisfied With the Program. | Question from the satisfaction questionnaire. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Reported They Would Definitely or Probably Continue With the Program | Question from the satisfaction questionnaire. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Figure 8 Walk Test From Baseline to 12 Weeks | Time it takes to walk a figure 8 around 2 cones 5 feet apart. Greater time in seconds represents poorer performance | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | seconds | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Modified Gait Efficacy Scale From Baseline to 12 Weeks | Confidence in walking was measured by the modified gait efficacy scale (mGES). Scores range from 0-100 with higher scores indicating greater confidence. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Short Physical Performance Battery From Baseline to 12weeks | Short physical Performance Battery is a performance test that includes gait speed, 5 time sit to stand and standing balance. Scores range from 0-12 with greater scores indicating better performance. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 12 week |
|
|
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|
| Secondary | Change in Stance Time Variability From Baseline to 12weeks | variability of individual stance times during walking as measured from a electronic walkway. Measured as the standard deviation of all stance times. greater values represent greater variability which is related to poorer outcomes. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | seconds | 12 week |
|
|
|
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| Secondary | Change in Narrow Walk Time From Baseline to 12 Weeks | Time to walk narrow pathway. Greater values (times) indicate poorer performance. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | seconds | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Attendance Rates | The number of participants attending 20 or more exercise classes | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 12 weeks |
|
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 152 |
| 4 |
| 152 |
| EG001 | Standard Program - Exercise Leader | Standard impairment based seated group exercise program. 2 times per week for 12 weeks, approximately 1 hour class. Led by exercise leader Standard program - exercise leader: This is an impairment-based exercise program focusing on flexibility, strength and endurance and is taught by research staff who are PTs, PTAs, or exercise physiologists | 0 | 146 | 0 | 146 |
| EG002 | On the Move - Staff Activity Personnel | On the Move group exercise - 2 times per week for 12 weeks. Each session lasts approximately 1 hour. Timing and coordination exercises to improve walking. Led by activity personnel. On the Move exercise - staff activity personnel: this is a group exercise program focusing on the timing and coordination of walking. The program is taught by a person from the facility that the research team trained. | 0 | 49 | 2 | 49 |
| EG003 | Standard - Staff Activity Personnel | Standard impairment based seated group exercise program. 2 times per week for 12 weeks, approximately 1 hour class. Led by staff activity personnel Standard program - staff activity personnel: This is an impairment-based exercise program focusing on flexibility, strength and endurance and is taught by a member of the facility that the research staff trained. | 1 | 77 | 0 | 77 |
|
|
| pain | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Systematic Assessment |
|
| fatigue | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Systematic Assessment |
|
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