Not funded

We will develop a procedure for conditioning cue-cocaine associations in human drug users. Next, we will reactivate that learning and intervene pharmacologically to prevent the reconsolidation of cue-drug memories. We hypothesize that a combined behavioral and pharmacological approach will have significant potential for persistently inhibiting relapse.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 18 - 50 years
2. voluntary, written, informed consent
3. physically healthy by medical history, physical, neurological, ECG, and laboratory examinations
4. DSM-IV criteria for Cocaine Abuse (305.60) or Cocaine Dependence (304.20)
5. recent street cocaine use in excess of that administered in the current study
6. intravenous and/or smoked (crack/freebase) use
7. positive urine toxicology screen for cocaine
8. for females, non-lactating, no longer of child-bearing potential (or agree to practice effective contraception during the study), and a negative serum pregnancy (-HCG) test
9. able to read English and complete study evaluations.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Other drug dependence (except nicotine)
2. a primary major DSM-IV psychiatric diagnosis (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, etc.), unrelated to cocaine
3. a history of significant medical (cardiovascular) or neurological illness (e.g., prior myocardial infarction, current active symptoms of cardiovascular disease / angina, evidence of cocaine-related cardiovascular symptoms, prior arrythmias of clinical significance, and/or need for cardiovascular resuscitation, neurovascular events such as transient ischemic attacks, stroke, and/or seizures)
4. current use of psychotropic and/or potentially psychoactive prescription medication
5. seeking treatment for drug abuse/dependence
6. those having contraindications to beta-blocker administration, including diagnoses of asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, or a history of adverse reactions to beta-blockers (including propranolol), as well as those with bradycardia and/or first-degree or greater heart block by ECG