The primary objective is to demonstrate safety and tolerability of switching patients with Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) from an oral dopamine agonist to rotigotine.

As a secondary objective, the investigators will evaluate control of RLS symptoms on rotigotine compared to the prior oral regimen.

The study will consist of 3 in-person visits and 4 scheduled telephone appointments over the course of approximately 6 weeks. The first visit will be the screening visit during which eligibility will be confirmed and informed consent obtained. After the first visit, subjects will continue their current oral dopamine agonist for a one-week baseline period during which they will record RLS symptoms daily.

The second visit will be the baseline visit. The IRLS scale, a commonly used measure of RLS symptoms, will be obtained. An individualized schedule for down-titration of oral dopamine agonist and concomitant up-titration of rotigotine will be provided. After the second visit, subjects will begin this cross-titration. This will entail a pre-determined incremental taper of the oral medication and flexible up-titration of rotigotine according to symptoms. During this time, subjects will keep diaries of RLS symptoms and will speak with the investigator over the phone a total of 3 times (visits 2a-2c) to discuss dosing of rotigotine.

After the titration is complete, subjects will enter the maintenance period, which will last 28 days. There will be another phone contact (2d) one week after the titration is complete to adjust the dose of rotigotine as needed. The subject will then continue the chosen dose for the next 3 weeks of the maintenance period. There will be one final phone contact (2e) 1 week prior to the end of the maintenance period to remind subjects to resume RLS symptom diaries during the final week of the maintenance period.

The third and final visit will take place at the end of the maintenance period. RLS symptoms will be discussed and the IRLS scale, Clinician Global Impression of Change (CGIC), Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC), and Preference of Medication Scale (POMS) will be administered.

Inclusion Criteria:

• A diagnosis of RLS, defined by International Restless Legs Study Group (IRLS) essential criteria:

  1. An urge to move the legs, usually accompanied or caused by uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs.
  2. The urge to move or unpleasant sensations begin or worsen during periods of rest or inactivity such as lying down or sitting.
  3. The urge to move or unpleasant sensations are partially or totally relieved by movement, such as walking or stretching, at least as long as the activity continues.
  4. The urge to move or unpleasant sensations are worse in the evening or night than during the day or only occur in the evening or night.

(Although some subjects may not meet these criteria on their current oral regimen, these symptoms must have been present prior to treatment.)

• Current treatment with either pramipexole (≤1 mg total daily dose) or ropinirole (≤4 mg total daily dose) with unchanged dose for the past 30 days. Patients also on other RLS medications will be allowed to participate if the dosing has been stable for the past 30 days and the subject agrees to maintain a stable dose for the duration of the trial.

• Inadequate symptom control or patient dissatisfaction with current oral regimen.

• Able to speak and read English.

• Able to provide informed consent.

• Able to learn and demonstrate appropriate patch application.

• Returns appropriately completed RLS symptom log at Visit 2.

• Confirms understanding of cross-titration schedule and is able to restate or summarize these instructions at Visit 2.

• Age ≥18 and ≤75.

• BMI ≥18 and ≤35

• History and/or clinical records document no change in medications active in the central nervous system (antidepressants, analgesics, antipsychotics, antiepileptics, hypnotics, etc.) for at least 30 days prior to visit 1.

• Able to understand study procedures and agrees to remain on stable medications during the period of the study.

• Women of childbearing potential must agree to use a medically accepted method of birth control. Acceptable forms of birth control include:

  1. Condom + spermicide

     • b. Diaphragm + spermicide
     • c. Oral contraceptive pills, hormone implants (like Norplant),or injections (like Depo-Provera)
     • Intrauterine Device

Exclusion Criteria:

• Known secondary cause of RLS, including end-stage renal disease, severe iron deficiency (ferritin <18), pregnancy.
• History of frequent symptomatic orthostatic hypotension.
• Current treatment with a dopamine antagonist medication.
• Another chronic pain syndrome that would, in the opinion of the investigator, interfere with evaluation of RLS symptoms or the response to the study medication.
• Plan to undergo a procedure that may require short or long-term opiates for pain control during the course of the trial.
• Women who are pregnant, lactating, or planning to become pregnant.
• Shift work or other commitments that do not allow for regular sleep at night.
• Known hypersensitivity or intolerance to rotigotine.
• Known allergy to sulfite-containing drugs.
• History of problematic skin hypersensitivity to adhesives.
• Previous or current clinically significant impulse control disorder, as determined by clinical interview.
• Anticipated change in psychiatric or neurologic status likely to require adjustment of CNS-active medications during the study period.
• Unwillingness of subject to remain on stable doses of CNS-active medications.
• Unwillingness of subject to refrain from as-needed use of RLS medications.
• Significant risk for suicide by clinical interview.
• History of severe mental illness or psychosis
• Current unstable medical illness.
• Any medical or psychiatric condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with participation in the study.

1 year