During treatment, the AMES device rotates the hand, into flexion and extension, while the patient assists with this motion,and while the lengthening muscle(s) are vibrated mechanically. At the end of the treatment, several diagnostic tests are performed to measure the participant's level of proprioceptive perception. This study provides for 25 AMES treatments and diagnostic tests over 8-13 weeks, at a rate of 2-3 sessions per week.

During the therapy session, the AMES device rotates the hand into flexion and extension, while the patient assists with this motion, as possible. At the same time, the AMES device provides sensory stimulation by vibrating the tendons of muscles stretched by the movement. The vibratory stimulus switches from one side of the limb to the other when the rotation reverses direction so that the sensory stimulation remains functionally related to the movement. The subject will receive visual bio-feedback of their contribution to the motor movement.

Testing proprioceptive sensation, the subject, with eyes closed, attempts to identify verbally the direction of motion (i.e., flexion or extension) as the AMES device randomly moves the subject's thumb and fingers, or the whole hand, into flexion and extension.

Testing proprioceptive sensation, the AMES device moves the subject's wrist through a 30 degree range, at variable speeds, as the subject attempts to identify when their wrist reaches a particular target, either by opening contact between the thumb and index finger (if possible) or blinking the eyes. The subject receives feedback about the accuracy of the testing.

The AMES device rotates the hand into flexion and extension, while the participant assists with this motion and receives visual feedback of the motion. At the same time, the AMES device vibrates the muscles stretched by the movement. The vibratory stimulus switches from one side of the limb to the other when the rotation reverses direction so. This study provides for 25 AMES training sessions over 8-13 weeks. At the end of the intervention, the participant's proprioception (i.e., sense of joint position and movement) is tested by asking the participant, with eyes closed, to blink as the fingers and thumb or the wrist are rotated through a prescribed joint angle (i.e., target angle) by the AMES device.

Testing proprioceptive sensation, the subject, with eyes closed, attempts to identify verbally the direction of motion (i.e., flexion or extension) as the AMES device randomly moves the subject's thumb and fingers, or the whole hand, into flexion and extension.

Device used for eye-blinks did not perform as expected. Study terminated prior to any further analyses.

AMES therapy: During treatment, the AMES device rotates the hand, into flexion and extension, while the patient assists with this motion,and while the lengthening muscle(s) are vibrated mechanically. At the end of the treatment, several diagnostic tests are performed to measure the participant's level of proprioceptive perception. This study provides for 25 AMES treatments and diagnostic tests over 8-13 weeks, at a rate of 2-3 sessions per week.

AMES Diagnostic: Either at baseline and 10-13 weeks later, or immediately following each therapy session, the participant performs a number of diagnostic tests to determine his/her level of proprioceptive perception.

Participant fell at home. Not related to intervention or participation in study.