This study intends to use in patients with renal tissue and blood samples, screening and identification of renal tissue hURAT1 regulating the expression of micro-RNA, for further study of uric acid stone formation mechanism and the occurrence of clinical preventive uric acid stones provide new clues and new intervention targets.

Inclusion Criteria:

A、B group were enrolled standards: ① aged 18-65 years old; ② comply with percutaneous nephrolithotomy lithotripsy indications for surgery; ③ ECT tips ipsilateral normal or mildly impaired renal function.

Group C patients were enrolled standards: ① aged 18-65 years old; ② normal renal function, not associated with urinary calculi in patients; ③ cancer patients met radical nephrectomy indications for surgery; ④ emergency trauma patients suffering from kidney resection surgical indications.

Exclusion Criteria:

• aged <18 years or> 65 years; ② neurological disease or cognitive dysfunction; ③ can not be corrected or uncorrected coagulopathy; ④ associated with diabetes, hypertension and other metabolic diseases; ⑤ accompanied by tuberculosis, hepatitis, HIV and other infectious diseases; ⑥ poor tolerance to anesthesia and surgery, such as: severe cardiopulmonary disease, coagulation disorders, etc.; ⑦ ultrasound, renal imaging examination revealed renal cortex was significantly thinner (renal cortical thickness <1.5cm), structural variation; ⑧ with severe systemic or urinary tract infection; ⑨ ECT tips ipsilateral renal function is severely impaired or solitary kidney.

Experiment are divided into uric acid stones group (A), non-uric acid stones group (B), control group (C), A, C recruited 30 patients each group, B group recruited 20 patients.