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Bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common malignancy and the incidence is increasing by years in Taiwan. Chemoresistance was inevitable in treatment of metastatic disease and lead to the ominous outcomes. To develop novel therapeutic strategies to overcome chemoresistance is imperative. Cancer cells uptake glucose at higher rates than normal tissue but use most of glucose for glycolysis even under normoxia condition, which is known as the Warburg effect. Pyruvate kinase (PK) catalyzes the last step in the process of glycolysis, and one of it isoform--PKM2 has been reported to be associated with tumor progression and some specific tissues and promotes the Warburg effect in cancer cells.
Regulation of PKM2 can be a novel target of cancer therapy. Meanwhile, PKM2 may play a critical role in the development of drug resistance and can be a promising target to overcome drug resistance.
In this study, our specific aims are as follows:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| drug-resistant | specimens com from drug-resistant bladder urothelial carcinoma patients. | ||
| normal | specimens come from normal bladder urothelial carcinoma patients. | ||
| non-tumoral | specimens come from non-tumoral patients. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The IHC score | the IHC scores are acquired by IHC staining and the comparisons between each specimen are determined by IHC scores. | at the time of surgery |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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patients with age between 20-80 years old and had taken Radical Cystectomy or nephrectomy between 2008-2012 were chosen as study population.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kuo-How Huang, M.D., Ph. D | Contact | 886-2-23123456 | 65952 | khhuang123@ntu.edu.tw |
| Chin-Ling Huang | Contact | 886-2-23123456 | 65233 |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kuo-How Huang, M.D., Ph.D. | Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital | Taipei | 10002 | Taiwan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19460998 | Background | Vander Heiden MG, Cantley LC, Thompson CB. Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation. Science. 2009 May 22;324(5930):1029-33. doi: 10.1126/science.1160809. | |
| 18337823 | Background | Christofk HR, Vander Heiden MG, Harris MH, Ramanathan A, Gerszten RE, Wei R, Fleming MD, Schreiber SL, Cantley LC. The M2 splice isoform of pyruvate kinase is important for cancer metabolism and tumour growth. Nature. 2008 Mar 13;452(7184):230-3. doi: 10.1038/nature06734. |
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Tissue samples of tumors as well as normal-appearing mucosa collected in the tissue bank are to be used to examine the cellular and molecular events involved. Comparisons will be made to differentiate cellular changes between tumors and the normal counterparts.
| 21516121 | Background | Chen J, Xie J, Jiang Z, Wang B, Wang Y, Hu X. Shikonin and its analogs inhibit cancer cell glycolysis by targeting tumor pyruvate kinase-M2. Oncogene. 2011 Oct 20;30(42):4297-306. doi: 10.1038/onc.2011.137. Epub 2011 Apr 25. |
| 23791887 | Background | Yang W, Lu Z. Regulation and function of pyruvate kinase M2 in cancer. Cancer Lett. 2013 Oct 10;339(2):153-8. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.06.008. Epub 2013 Jun 18. |