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Scant data have been reported on the effects of weight self-monitoring during weight control. The purpose of this pilot project was to consider the questions: Is it possible to assign participants to engage in daily weight self-monitoring, and are there differential effects on mood of daily versus weekly weighing?
This study tested the feasibility of assigning participants to daily or weekly weighing, monitored adherence to weighing instructions, and tracked additional behavioral and psychosocial indicators over a period of six months. It was hypothesized that there would be no differences in mood or adherence between daily versus weekly weighing conditions. Knowledge about the benefits of frequent self-weighing may shape public health recommendations for regular weighing as a weight reduction or obesity prevention strategy.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Daily Weight Tracking | Experimental | weighing frequency instructions and tips |
|
| Weekly Weight Tracking | Experimental | weighing frequency instructions and tips |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| weighing frequency instructions and tips | Behavioral | Weekly emails with nutrition, physical activity, and weight tracking tips sent for 24 weeks |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Adherence to Weight Tracking Instructions | Participants were assigned to daily or weekly weight tracking, and were asked to return postcards once a week with weights recorded (7 for daily, 1 for weekly). | 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in Depression Ratings | Ratings of depressed mood, assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory, were obtained at baseline, three, and six months; the comparison of depression scores between groups and over time from baseline to 3 and 6 months was considered as a secondary outcome and analyzed using repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Scores on the inventory range from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating greater presence of depressive symptoms. Scores from 0-10 represent normal mood; 11-16 = mild mood disturbance; 17-20 = borderline clinical depression; 21-30 = moderate depression; 31-40 = severe depression; > 40 = extreme depression. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jennifer A Linde, Ph.D. | University of Minnesota | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Minnesota | Minneapolis | Minnesota | 55454 | United States |
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Participants recruited in Sept-Oct 2009 from craigslist.com ads and flyers in a University of Minnesota office building. 58 contacted the study and 28 were excluded [did not complete screening (n=10), not eligible due to weight or health exclusions (n=15), or withdrew before consent (n=3)], resulting in a final sample of 30 participants.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Daily Weight Tracking | daily weighing frequency instructions and tips |
| FG001 | Weekly Weight Tracking | weekly weighing frequency instructions and tips |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Daily Weight Tracking | daily weighing frequency instructions and tips |
| BG001 | Weekly Weight Tracking | weekly weighing frequency instructions and tips |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Adherence to Weight Tracking Instructions | Participants were assigned to daily or weekly weight tracking, and were asked to return postcards once a week with weights recorded (7 for daily, 1 for weekly). | All participants were included in the analysis. | Posted | Number | percentage of postcards returned | 6 months |
|
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Daily Weight Tracking | daily weighing frequency instructions and tips |
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Small sample size; Absence of instructions that would mimic a weight loss program.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Jennifer Linde | University of Minnesota | 612-624-0065 | linde074@umn.edu |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015431 | Weight Loss |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001836 | Body Weight Changes |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019168 | Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011170 | Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical |
| D000714 | Anastomosis, Surgical |
| D013514 | Surgical Procedures, Operative |
| D058017 | Vascular Grafting |
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| baseline to 6 months |
| Changes in Anxiety | Ratings of anxiety, assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory, were assessed at baseline, three, and six months; a comparison of anxiety scores between groups and over time from baseline to 3 and 6 months was considered a secondary outcome and analyzed using repeated measures MANOVA. Possible scores on the scale range from 0-63. Scores from 0-7 indicate minimal anxiety; 8-15 = mild anxiety; 16-25 = moderate anxiety; 26-63 = severe anxiety. | baseline to 6 months |
| Changes in Body Image | Changes in self-reported body image were assessed at baseline, three, and six months using the Appearance subscale of the Multidimensional Body Image Questionnaire. The subscale has a range of 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating better body image. A comparison of body image scores between groups and over time from baseline to 3 and 6 months was considered a secondary outcome and analyzed using repeated measures MANOVA. | baseline to 6 months |
| Changes in Barriers to Weight Tracking | Perceived barriers to self-weighing were assessed at baseline, three, and six months using a scale created for this study. The scale has a range of 18 to 90, with higher scores indicating greater perceptions of barriers to self-weighing. A comparison of barriers scores between groups and over time from baseline to 3 and 6 months was considered a secondary outcome and analyzed using repeated measures MANOVA. | baseline to 6 months |
| Changes in Perceptions of Weight Tracking | Perceptions of weight tracking (ease of remembering and understanding, usefulness, awareness, interest, reward value, satisfaction, motivational value) were assessed at three and six months using a scale created for the study. The scale has a range of 0 to 64, with higher scores indicating greater perceptions of favorability of weight tracking. A comparison of perceptions scores between groups and over time from 3 and 6 months was considered a secondary outcome and analyzed using repeated measures MANOVA. | three to six months |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| Body Mass Index | Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight measured by the investigator at baseline. | Mean | Standard Deviation | kg/m^2 |
|
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Changes in Depression Ratings | Ratings of depressed mood, assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory, were obtained at baseline, three, and six months; the comparison of depression scores between groups and over time from baseline to 3 and 6 months was considered as a secondary outcome and analyzed using repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Scores on the inventory range from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating greater presence of depressive symptoms. Scores from 0-10 represent normal mood; 11-16 = mild mood disturbance; 17-20 = borderline clinical depression; 21-30 = moderate depression; 31-40 = severe depression; > 40 = extreme depression. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | baseline to 6 months |
|
|
|
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| Secondary | Changes in Anxiety | Ratings of anxiety, assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory, were assessed at baseline, three, and six months; a comparison of anxiety scores between groups and over time from baseline to 3 and 6 months was considered a secondary outcome and analyzed using repeated measures MANOVA. Possible scores on the scale range from 0-63. Scores from 0-7 indicate minimal anxiety; 8-15 = mild anxiety; 16-25 = moderate anxiety; 26-63 = severe anxiety. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | baseline to 6 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Changes in Body Image | Changes in self-reported body image were assessed at baseline, three, and six months using the Appearance subscale of the Multidimensional Body Image Questionnaire. The subscale has a range of 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating better body image. A comparison of body image scores between groups and over time from baseline to 3 and 6 months was considered a secondary outcome and analyzed using repeated measures MANOVA. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | baseline to 6 months |
|
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|
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| Secondary | Changes in Barriers to Weight Tracking | Perceived barriers to self-weighing were assessed at baseline, three, and six months using a scale created for this study. The scale has a range of 18 to 90, with higher scores indicating greater perceptions of barriers to self-weighing. A comparison of barriers scores between groups and over time from baseline to 3 and 6 months was considered a secondary outcome and analyzed using repeated measures MANOVA. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | baseline to 6 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Changes in Perceptions of Weight Tracking | Perceptions of weight tracking (ease of remembering and understanding, usefulness, awareness, interest, reward value, satisfaction, motivational value) were assessed at three and six months using a scale created for the study. The scale has a range of 0 to 64, with higher scores indicating greater perceptions of favorability of weight tracking. A comparison of perceptions scores between groups and over time from 3 and 6 months was considered a secondary outcome and analyzed using repeated measures MANOVA. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | three to six months |
|
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 15 |
| 0 |
| 15 |
| EG001 | Weekly Weight Tracking | weekly weighing frequency instructions and tips | 0 | 15 | 0 | 15 |
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| D014656 | Vascular Surgical Procedures |
| D013504 | Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures |
| 6-month depression |
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| 6-month anxiety |
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| 6-month body image |
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| 6-month barriers |
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