Patients who have been prescribed Rivaroxaban for the first time

Patients who have been prescribed standard of care for the first time

The treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), and prevention of recurrent DVT and PE in adult patients (15 mg rivaroxaban twice daily [bid] for 3 weeks, then 15 mg or 20 mg once daily [od], tablets).

The prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in adult patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation [SPAF]) with one or more risk factors (20 mg rivaroxaban [od], tablets).

The prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adult patients undergoing elective hip or knee replacement surgery (recommended dose: 10 mg rivaroxaban [od] tablets for 35 days following hip replacement surgery and 14 days following knee replacement surgery).

Co-administered with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) alone or with ASA plus clopidogrel or ticlopidine, for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in adult patients after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with elevated cardiac biomarkers (recommended dose 2.5 mg rivaroxaban tablets [bid]).

Age and sex distribution at index date Proportion of patients defined as naïve, non-naïve, recent switchers and distant switchers Type and estimated duration of other anticoagulant use among the non-naïve group and for all patients Number of pregnancies and pregnancy outcomes' Use of specific prescribed medications confirming ACS indication Use of other prescribed medications Renal disease based on in- and outpatient diagnoses Hospital admissions for bleeding Healthcare utilization (e.g. number of hospital admissions). Smoking status Body mass index (BMI)

Estimated dose of index drug at index date and estimated duration of treatment Where available, the diagnosis associated with the prescribing of the index drug (where not available, estimated dose and duration of index drug will be used as a proxy for the associated diagnosis among rivaroxaban users) Dispensed amount (can be used to estimate duration of treatment)

Cases of intracranial haemorrhage will be identified in patients admitted to the hospital that meet the criteria for one of the three following categories:

Incident cases of intracerebral haemorrhage Incident cases of subarachnoid haemorrhage incident cases of epidural, dural, subdural and arachnoid haemorrhage Potential cases will be identified by hospital discharge diagnoses

A patient will have to meet the following criteria to be considered a case of gastrointestinal bleeding:

The specific site of bleeding originating in the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract or, more specifically, in the oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon or rectum.

For upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the lesion type being erosion, gastritis, duodenitis or peptic (gastric or duodenal) ulcer.

The lesion type being NOT related to cancer. Cases will be identified by hospital discharge diagnoses (ICD-9-CM).

A patient will have to meet the following criteria to be considered a case of "other bleeding":

Admitted to hospital with a bleeding event occurring before hospitalization (i.e. excluding inhospital bleeding events).

Cases will be identified by hospital discharge diagnoses (ICD-9-CM).