This is a single-center, open-label, single arm study to explore whether potential image biomarkers correlate with efficacy of bevacizumab combined with conventional therapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Despite the increase in therapies available, the median survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains less than 15 months.

The phase III pivotal study in newly diagnosed GBM also met its co-primary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS) which further confirm the efficacy of bevacizumab in GBM.

Early predicting the efficacy of bevacizumab combined with conventional therapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma could help us to identify the suitable patients to receive suitable treatment in GBM. Thus, characterizing the blood flow and blood volume in the tumor and their changes during therapy might provide information on vasculature growth or collapse,edema formation, tumor growth, and/or cell death(necrosis) .We decided to investigate whether the estimation of blood circulation in tumor, using MRI,PET could be used as a surrogate marker to predict the early response of GBM to bevacizumab.

Several previous studies have demonstrated that the relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) correlated with the histologic grade of gliomas and investigated the prognostic value of the tumor CBV for survival.In current study, We hypothesized that, the temporal changes during anti-angiogenesis therapy in specific regions of high and low perfusion in glioblastoma might predict the efficacy of bevacizumab.Since there is no mature PET tracer directly image Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in China,we use 18F-Galacto-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-- a new tracer for PET imaging of αvβ3 by testing Standardized uptake value mean (SUVmean),Standardized uptake value max (SUVmax) and tumor to non-tumor tissue ratios (T/NT) to indirectly reflect the VEGF expression. The integrin αvβ3 is an important receptor affecting tumor growth, local invasiveness, and metastatic potential. Specifically, αvβ3 is highly expressed on activated endothelial cells during angiogenesis.

Therefore, in the pilot study, we use dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI),dynamic susceptibility-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) and 18F-Galacto-RGD PET to explore the potential image biomarkers of bevacizumab used in newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

20 patients with newly diagnosed histopathologically confirmed glioblastoma (WHO Grade IV) after surgery will be enrolled in the study. All of the patients will receive conventional concurrent chemoradiation and adjuvant temozolomide plus bevacizumab begin > 3 weeks and ≤ 5 weeks after surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Histologically proven newly diagnosis of glioblastoma (WHO grade IV)
• The tumor must have a supratentorial component
• The patient must have recovered from the effects of surgery, postoperative infection, and other complications before initial chemoradiation treatment
• Documentation of steroid doses within 14 days prior to initial chemoradiation treatment
• Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70;
• Age ≥ 18
• Adequate renal function,hepatic function
• Systolic blood pressure ≤ 160 mg Hg or diastolic pressure ≤ 90 mg Hg within 14 days prior to initial chemoradiation treatment
• Patient must provide study specific informed consent prior to study entry
• Women of childbearing potential and male participants must practice adequate contraception.
• For females of child-bearing potential, negative serum pregnancy test within 14 days prior to initial chemoradiation treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

• Cancer-Related Exclusion Criteria

  • Prior invasive malignancy (except for non-melanomatous skin cancer) unless disease free for ≥3 years
  • Recurrent or multifocal malignant gliomas
  • Metastases detected below the tentorium or beyond the cranial vault
  • Prior chemotherapy or radiosensitizers for cancers of the head and neck region; note that prior chemotherapy for a different cancer is allowable, except prior temozolomide or bevacizumab. Prior use of Gliadel wafers or any other intratumoral or intracavitary treatment are not permitted.
  • Prior radiotherapy to the head or neck (except for T1 glottic cancer), resulting in overlap of radiation fields

• Haematologic, Biochemical, Organ Function and other general exclusion criteria

  • Unstable angina and/or congestive heart failure within the last 6 months
  • Transmural myocardial infarction within the last 6 months
  • Evidence of recent myocardial infarction or ischemia by the findings of S-T elevations of ≥ 2mm using the analysis of an EKG performed within 14 days of initial chemoradiation treatment
  • New York Heart Association grade II or greater congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization within 12 months prior to initial chemoradiation treatment
  • History of stroke, cerebral vascular accident (CVA) or transient ischemic attack within 6 months
  • Serious and inadequately controlled cardiac arrhythmia
  • Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time of registration
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other respiratory illness requiring hospitalization or precluding study therapy at the time of initial chemoradiation treatment
  • Hepatic insufficiency resulting in clinical jaundice and/or coagulation defects; note, however,that laboratory tests for liver function and coagulation parameters are not required for entry into this protocol
  • Inability to undergo MRI (e.g., due to safety reasons,such as presence of a pacemaker) or PET

• Contradiction to Bevacizumab treatment