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not able to find enough participants for this study
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Likely, branched chain amino acid (BCAA) requirements are increased in older strength-trained (ST) individuals. If so, supplementation in this group will maximize muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and minimize loss of muscle with age (sarcopenia).
We hypothesize that the dietary requirement for the branched chain amino acids (BCAA) in an older strength-trained (ST) population will be greater than the current recommendation (RDA). If so, a greater intake of BCAA together with ST is necessary if one aims to maximize muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Currently, the BCAA requirement in the ST older population (55-65 y) is unknown. This is critical information especially given the value of ST for overall health.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Branched chain amino acid | Active Comparator | Branched chain amino acid as food supplement |
|
| Weight training | Active Comparator | Strength training will include a split-training program using all major muscle groups of the body on a three day "on", one day "off" protocol. Muscle areas targeted on each training day will be as follows: Day1: chest, shoulder, triceps; Day2: back, biceps; Day3: legs and calfs; Day4: will be a rest day. On Day5: this cycle will begin again. A combination of free weights and machines will be used for each training day. Progressive overload protocol will be applied where the load used by every participant will be adjusted bi-weekly based on their 70% of 1RM (repetition maximum). Instruction will be provided for all exercises and professional trainers will oversee all training sessions. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Branched chain amino acid | Dietary Supplement | seven graded intakes of a BCAA (branched chain amino acid) mixture from 50 to 350 mg.kg-1.d-1 will be used to measure BCAA requirement |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Required Branched chain amino acid of older strength trained men | Branched chain amino acid requirement will be measured in 55-65 years old strength trained men using indicator amino acid oxidation method | 12 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Muscle size | cross-sectional measure of muscle size will be measured in all participants using standard procedures of magenetic resonance imaging | 12 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Peter Lemon, PhD | The University of Western Ontario | Principal Investigator |
| Arash Bandegan, MSc. | The University of Western Ontario | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Nutrition Research Laboratory | London | Ontario | N6A 5B9 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12730426 | Background | Riazi R, Wykes LJ, Ball RO, Pencharz PB. The total branched-chain amino acid requirement in young healthy adult men determined by indicator amino acid oxidation by use of L-[1-13C]phenylalanine. J Nutr. 2003 May;133(5):1383-9. doi: 10.1093/jn/133.5.1383. | |
| 1400008 | Background | Lemon PW, Tarnopolsky MA, MacDougall JD, Atkinson SA. Protein requirements and muscle mass/strength changes during intensive training in novice bodybuilders. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1992 Aug;73(2):767-75. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1992.73.2.767. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D055948 | Sarcopenia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009133 | Muscular Atrophy |
| D020879 | Neuromuscular Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000597 | Amino Acids, Branched-Chain |
| D055070 | Resistance Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000596 | Amino Acids |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
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|
| Strength training | Behavioral | Strength training will include a split-training program using all major muscle groups of the body on a three day "on", one day "off" protocol. Muscle areas targeted on each training day will be as follows: Day1: chest, shoulder, triceps; Day2: back, biceps; Day3: legs and calfs; Day4: will be a rest day. On Day5: this cycle will begin again. A combination of free weights and machines will be used for each training day. Progressive overload protocol will be applied where the load used by every participant will be adjusted bi-weekly based on their 70% of 1 repetition maximum (maximum weight that can be lifted only one time). Instruction will be provided for all exercises and professional trainers will oversee all training sessions. |
|
|
| 16424142 | Background | Norton LE, Layman DK. Leucine regulates translation initiation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle after exercise. J Nutr. 2006 Feb;136(2):533S-537S. doi: 10.1093/jn/136.2.533S. |
| 12626690 | Background | Pencharz PB, Ball RO. Different approaches to define individual amino acid requirements. Annu Rev Nutr. 2003;23:101-16. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073247. Epub 2003 Feb 21. |
| 12885705 | Background | Volpi E, Kobayashi H, Sheffield-Moore M, Mittendorfer B, Wolfe RR. Essential amino acids are primarily responsible for the amino acid stimulation of muscle protein anabolism in healthy elderly adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Aug;78(2):250-8. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/78.2.250. |
| 11023001 | Background | Lemon PW. Beyond the zone: protein needs of active individuals. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 Oct;19(5 Suppl):513S-521S. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2000.10718974. |
| 16365106 | Background | Layman DK, Walker DA. Potential importance of leucine in treatment of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. J Nutr. 2006 Jan;136(1 Suppl):319S-23S. doi: 10.1093/jn/136.1.319S. |
| 19800212 | Background | Kim JS, Wilson JM, Lee SR. Dietary implications on mechanisms of sarcopenia: roles of protein, amino acids and antioxidants. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Jan;21(1):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.06.014. Epub 2009 Oct 1. |
| 16507602 | Background | Katsanos CS, Kobayashi H, Sheffield-Moore M, Aarsland A, Wolfe RR. A high proportion of leucine is required for optimal stimulation of the rate of muscle protein synthesis by essential amino acids in the elderly. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Aug;291(2):E381-7. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00488.2005. Epub 2006 Feb 28. |
| 16280440 | Background | Katsanos CS, Kobayashi H, Sheffield-Moore M, Aarsland A, Wolfe RR. Aging is associated with diminished accretion of muscle proteins after the ingestion of a small bolus of essential amino acids. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Nov;82(5):1065-73. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/82.5.1065. |
| 17921376 | Background | Humayun MA, Elango R, Ball RO, Pencharz PB. Reevaluation of the protein requirement in young men with the indicator amino acid oxidation technique. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Oct;86(4):995-1002. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/86.4.995. |
| 19079937 | Background | Dardevet D, Rieu I, Fafournoux P, Sornet C, Combaret L, Bruhat A, Mordier S, Mosoni L, Grizard J. Leucine: a key amino acid in ageing-associated sarcopenia? Nutr Res Rev. 2003 Jun;16(1):61-70. doi: 10.1079/NRR200252. |
| 23134885 | Background | Cermak NM, Res PT, de Groot LC, Saris WH, van Loon LJ. Protein supplementation augments the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to resistance-type exercise training: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Dec;96(6):1454-64. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.037556. Epub 2012 Nov 7. |
| 9808642 | Background | Bross R, Ball RO, Pencharz PB. Development of a minimally invasive protocol for the determination of phenylalanine and lysine kinetics in humans during the fed state. J Nutr. 1998 Nov;128(11):1913-9. doi: 10.1093/jn/128.11.1913. |
| 11382798 | Background | Campbell WW, Trappe TA, Wolfe RR, Evans WJ. The recommended dietary allowance for protein may not be adequate for older people to maintain skeletal muscle. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001 Jun;56(6):M373-80. doi: 10.1093/gerona/56.6.m373. |
| D001284 | Atrophy |
| D020763 | Pathological Conditions, Anatomical |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D000359 |
| Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
| D005791 | Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |