This is local prospective multicenter observational non-interventional local study. Primary study objective is investigate and describe prescription pattern of neurologists in secondary stroke or non-CNS (non-Central Nervous System) systemic embolism prevention in patients with AF (Atrial fibrillation) and prior stroke or TIA (Transient Ischemic attack) who treat with rivaroxaban at an initial visit and three follow-up visits.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male and female patients ≥ 18 years old who start treatment with rivaroxaban
• Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation is documented in patients' file
• Prior TIA/Stroke history
• TIA - more than 72 hours after documented TIA
• more than 2 weeks after non-hemorrhagic stroke
• Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Contraindications for use of Xarelto® in accordance with approved product label
• Previous thromboprophylaxis treatment with anticoagulants prior toby reason of stroke / TIA prevention
• Any reasons of medical and non-medical character, which in the opinion of the physician can hamper patient participation in NIS

Male and female patients ≥ 18 years old with prior stroke or TIA history and who have never taken anticoagulation treatment regarding AF before and meet criteria of inclusion and exclusion.