The purpose of this study is to improve the performance of neuroprosthesis for standing after SCI by developing and testing new advanced methods that use multiple contact peripheral nerve electrodes to slow the onset of fatigue and increase standing duration. The new advanced methods will take advantage of the ability of multiple-contact nerve cuff electrodes to selectively activate portions of a muscle that perform the same action. Alternating activation to multiple muscles (or parts of the same muscle) rather than continuously activation the entire muscle group constantly should allow them to rest and recover from fatiguing contractions. This should allow users to remain upright for longer periods of time to perform activities of daily living, reduce the risk of falls due to fatigue, and increase the potential of receiving the health benefits of standing.

Neuroprostheses for standing after SCI currently rely on continuous activation of the hip and knee extensor muscles, which results in rapid fatigue and ultimately compromises elapsed standing time. The primary objective of this study is to improve the performance of neuroprostheses for standing by developing and implementing advanced stimulation paradigms that use multi-contact peripheral nerve electrodes to delay fatigue onset and prolong standing duration. The new stimulation paradigms will take advantage of the ability of multi-contact nerve cuff electrodes to selectively activate independent portions of a muscle, or independent muscles that perform the same action. Such a capability will allow one or more muscles (or parts of the same muscle) to rest while the others continue to contract to keep the knee extended and the user upright. Stimulation waveforms that alternate activation to multiple muscles performing the same function, rather than continuously activate the entire muscle group constantly, should allow muscles to rest and recover from fatiguing contractions.

In addition to these important clinical benefits, the project is also of high impact and significance because the methods to be developed will not be specific to any single electrode technology or stimulation system. Any clinical or therapeutic application that requires a sustained muscular contraction or the production of constant joint torques for prolonged periods of time will benefit from the successful completion of this project.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Skeletal maturity (age 21 and above), and ability to sign informed consent
• Paralysis resulting from neurological disorder such as low cervical/thoracic spinal cord injuries (C6-T12)
• Time post injury greater than six months to assure neurological and emotional stability
• Innervated and excitable lower extremity and lumbar trunk musculature
• Absence of acute or chronic psychological problems or chemical dependency
• Range of motion within normal limits, (full extension at the hip and knee, and ability to attain a neutral ankle position)
• Controlled spasticity and absence of hip flexion and adduction spasms
• Appropriate body habitus (BMI within normal range)
• Adequate social support and stability
• Willingness to comply with follow-up procedures.
• Full coverage of the acetabulum and minimal knee and ankle laxity

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of vestibular dysfunction, balance problems or spontaneous falls.
• Acute orthopaedic problems: severe scoliosis or joint dislocation, severe osteoporosis.
• Acute medical complication: cardiac abnormalities, skin breakdowns, uncontrolled seizures, or immunological, pulmonary/ renal/ circulatory compromise, auto-immune deficiencies, sepsis, active infection, dental caries.
• Diabetes
• Non-English speaking subjects
• Pregnancy

8 years post implant