The active intervention consisted of two major components: dietary counseling and physical activity. Dietary counseling was performed by trained dieticians on four separate occasions at 15, 20, 28 and 35 weeks gestation.

Energy requirements for each participant were individually estimated according to weight and level of activity during pregnancy. Women in the active intervention group were encouraged to be moderately physically active 30-60 minutes a day.Women in this group also had free full time membership in a fitness center for six months. In the fitness centers they had closed training classes with trained physiotherapists for one hour each week.

Fat mass estimated by dxa scans.

BMI, Skinfold thicknesses, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, abdominal to hip circumference ratio, height, weight. DXA scan: fat mass, fat mass percent, lean mass, lean mass percent, body fat distribution. Bone mass density, bone mass content. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, fasting insulin, fasting c-peptide, fasting lipids; HDL; LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol. 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Bone mineralization measured by dual energy x-ray