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Postoperative pain management is a major problem after repair of pectus excavatum.Various methods of pain management have been introduced. However, the effects of continuous wound infusion of local anesthetics through ON-Q catheters were not well evaluated in pectus surgery. Therefore, we conducted prospective randomized controlled study to compare the effects of IV PCA and continuous wound infusion after repair of pectus excavatum.
Pain control is an important issue after correction of pectus excavatum. Insufficient pain control leads to develop postoperative pulmonary complications, such as hypoxia, atelectasis and pneumonia. Additionally, hospital length of stay could be prolonged. Therefore, successful pain management is mandatory to improve clinical outcome, to decrease postoperative morbidity and to shorten the duration of hospital stay. Various methods of pain management have been introduced. Current typical methods for pain management include thoracic epidural analgesia and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA). Epidural analgesia has shown superior pain control effects. However, there may be rare but serious complications, such as spinal cord and nerve root lesions, epidural hematoma, or infections. IV PCA is a well-established method of postoperative pain management. However, the systemic side effects of opioid, such as nausea, vomiting, sedation, or respiratory depression may occur. Continuous wound infusion of local anesthetics through ON-Q catheters is another method for pain management. It has been used for various surgical procedures. However, the effect is not well evaluated in pectus surgery. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of opioid-based IV PCA and continuous wound infusion using a catheter.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| IV PCA | Active Comparator | hydromorphone with ketorolac |
|
| Continuous wound infusion | Experimental | ON-Q Painbuster with ropivacaine |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IV PCA | Device | On arrival in the postanesthetic care unit, a patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA) was connected to the iv catheter. The PCA regimen consisted of hydromorphone (2 mcg/kg/hr) and ketorolac (0.02 mg/kg/hr) with normal saline (total volume 100ml). PCA was programmed to deliver 1 ml/hr as background infusion and 1 ml per demand with a 10 min lockout during 48 hr period. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes of pain score | Pain score was measured by the Wong-Baker FACES pain scale at 1, 2, 6, 24, 48 hours after surgery. Pain scale consists of 6 faces with word descriptors and numbers from 0 to 10. The child look at the faces, the nurse or parent uses the words to describe the expression, and the child is asked to point to the face that describes how he/she feels. The number is used to record a pain score. This simple and quick scale can be easily reproduced for use at the bed-side with children as young as 3 years of age. | during 48 hours after surgery |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence of side effects | Number of patients who developed nausea, vomiting, sedation, respiratory depression,or wound catheter related complications are recorded. | during 48 hours after surgery |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jeong Eun Kim, MD, PhD | Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea | Seoul | 137-040 | South Korea |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D005660 | Funnel Chest |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001848 | Bone Diseases, Developmental |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016058 | Analgesia, Patient-Controlled |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000698 | Analgesia |
| D000760 | Anesthesia and Analgesia |
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|
| Continuous wound infusion | Device | Patients underwent insertion of wound catheters by the surgeon just before the closure of incision site. The wound catheters, consisting of double branch and connected to elastomeric pump filled with ropivacaine (0.15~0.25%) and administered at a constant flow rate of 2 ml/hr in each branch of the catheter for 48 hr. |
|
| D001847 | Bone Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D009139 | Musculoskeletal Abnormalities |
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |