Ultrasound Biofeedback for Speech Sound Disorders

Biofeedback and Speech Disorders

Children with speech sound disorders will receive speech therapy using real-time images of the tongue from ultrasound. These images will be used to cue the child to change the tongue position when producing speech sounds.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants must be native English-speaking children with no known hearing or vision deficits. Participants must be within the specified age range and have been identified as having speech production difficulties by a local speech-language therapist.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants will be excluded if there is a history of oral structural impairment (e.g., cleft palate), hearing or vision impairment, history of neurological impairment or injury, developmental disabilities such as Down Syndrome or Autism, or intellectual disability.

During initial testing, participants must score below a standard score of 75 on the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation-2 and also score below 20% accurate on a probe list of words assessing accuracy of the /r/ sound