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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| R49CE000892 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source | |
| EmoryVAW | Other Identifier | Other |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | FED |
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This is a study to determine whether a theoretically-driven web-based 3-hour intervention designed for male college students called RealConsent is effective in increasing prosocial intervening behaviors and in preventing sexual violence perpetration. Sexual violence programs for this population have been implemented for decades in the United States, but a program that is web-based and incorporates the bystander education model has never been implemented or tested. In this study, male college students will be recruited online, enrolled and randomly assigned to RealConsent or to a comparison condition. Prior to the intervention, investigators will ask questions about their intervening and sexually coercive behaviors and other theoretical and empirical factors related to the study outcomes. Investigators will survey the young men again at post-intervention, and at 6-months follow-up to determine whether young men in the RealConsent program intervened more often and engaged in less sexual violence compared to young men in the comparison condition. The main hypotheses are: (1) college men in the RealConsent program will report more instances of prosocial intervening; and (2) college men in the RealConsent program will report less sexual violence against women.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| General Health promotion | Placebo Comparator | A 3-hour general mental health web-based program. |
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| Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention | Experimental | A 3-hour web-based program designed to teach male college student bystanders to intervene. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention | Behavioral | This 3-hour web-based program consists of six 30-minute modules that are interactive and range in number of segments (1-14) and types of activities. Each of the modules involves interactivity, didactic activities and two episodes of a serial drama, which allows for the modeling of positive behaviors and illustrate both positive and negative outcome expectations for intervening and for perpetrating abuse against women. Behaviors modeled include communicating with female sex partners, obtaining informed consent to have sex, and intervening to prevent abuse from taking place. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Prosocial Intervening Behavior | This scale is the Reactions to Offensive Language and Behavior (ROLB) index that measures whether or not men confronted inappropriate behaviors of other men. We used the 7-item self-behavior subscale plus an additional 8 items, which directly reflected the content of RealConsent. A series of 15 potential intervening situations were presented and participants were asked to indicate whether they had experienced this situation in past 6 months (yes/no), and whether they had intervened (yes/no). The scale ranged from 0% (did not intervene anytime) to 100% (intervened every time). | 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sexual Violence Perpetration | This scale is the Conflict Tactics Scale revised, Sexual Coercion Subscale and assessed the number of sexually coercive/violent behaviors engaged in during the past 6 months. The index ranges from 0 (no engagement in any sexual violence) to 7 (engaged in all 7 sexually violent behaviors). | 6 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Laura F Salazar, PhD | Emory University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Georgia State University | Atlanta | Georgia | 30303 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25198417 | Derived | Salazar LF, Vivolo-Kantor A, Hardin J, Berkowitz A. A web-based sexual violence bystander intervention for male college students: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2014 Sep 5;16(9):e203. doi: 10.2196/jmir.3426. |
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N=368 participants completed the eligibility screener and provided informed consent in the study, but failed to complete the baseline assessment. Because our randomization occurred following completion of baseline assessment, these participants were not randomized to groups and were not included.
Recruitment took place between Feb 2010 - April 2010.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | General Health Promotion | A 3-hour general mental health web-based program. |
| FG001 | Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention | A 3-hour web-based program designed to teach male college student bystanders to intervene. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline to Post-Intervention Period |
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| Six-Month Follow-up Period |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | General Health Promotion | A 3-hour general mental health web-based program. General Health Promotion: This general health promotion web-based program is 3-hours and provides a range of activities related to reducing day-to day stress and alleviating anxiety through meditation and exercise. |
| BG001 |
| Units | Counts |
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| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Prosocial Intervening Behavior | This scale is the Reactions to Offensive Language and Behavior (ROLB) index that measures whether or not men confronted inappropriate behaviors of other men. We used the 7-item self-behavior subscale plus an additional 8 items, which directly reflected the content of RealConsent. A series of 15 potential intervening situations were presented and participants were asked to indicate whether they had experienced this situation in past 6 months (yes/no), and whether they had intervened (yes/no). The scale ranged from 0% (did not intervene anytime) to 100% (intervened every time). | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | percent score on a scale | 6 months |
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | General Health Promotion | A 3-hour general mental health web-based program. General Health Promotion: This general health promotion web-based program is 3-hours and provides a range of activities related to reducing day-to day stress and alleviating anxiety through meditation and exercise. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Laura Salazar | Georgia State University | 404-413-1396 | lsalazar1@gsu.edu |
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| General Health Promotion | Behavioral | This general health promotion web-based program is 3-hours and provides a range of activities related to reducing day-to day stress and alleviating anxiety through meditation and exercise. |
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| Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention |
A 3-hour web-based program designed to teach male college student bystanders to intervene. Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention: This 3-hour web-based program consists of six 30-minute modules that are interactive and range in number of segments (1-14) and types of activities. Each of the modules involves interactivity, didactic activities and two episodes of a serial drama, which allows for the modeling of positive behaviors and illustrate both positive and negative outcome expectations for intervening and for perpetrating abuse against women. Behaviors modeled include communicating with female sex partners, obtaining informed consent to have sex, and intervening to prevent abuse from taking place. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
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| Frequency of vaginal intercourse | Mean | Standard Deviation | vaginal sex acts/60 days |
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| Relationship status | Some data were missing for this variable; thus, the sum does not equal the overall numbers of baseline participants. | Number | participants |
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| Legal knowledge of rape/assault | An index that assesses the level of knowledge regarding laws and policies on rape and sexual assault in Georgia and that ranges from 0 (no knowledge) to 9 (high levels of knowledge). | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
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| Knowledge of informed consent to have sex | This index measures the degree of knowledge regarding the elements of informed consent to have sex on a continuous scale with a range from 0 (no knowledge) to 14 (high level of knowledge). | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale |
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| Self-efficacy to intervene | This scale measures the degree of self-efficacy to intervene in situations that may contribute to a woman being sexually victimized. It is a continuous scale that ranges from 18 (no confidence) to 126 (high degree of confidence). | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale |
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| Intentions to intervene | This scale measures intentions to intervene in situations that place women at risk for sexual victimization. It is a continuous scale measure that ranges from 15 (no intentions to intervene) to 75 (high likelihood to intervene). | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale |
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| Outcome expectancies for intervening | This scale measures the positive perceived outcomes that would likely occur if a participant intervened in a situation to prevent women from being sexually victimized. The scale is a continuous scale that ranges from 8 (low positive expectancies) to 40 (very positive expectancies). | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
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| Self-comfort with men's inappropriate behaviors | This scale measures men's level of comfort with other men's inappropriate behaviors toward women. The continuous scale ranges from 7 (not at all comfortable) to 49 (very comfortable). | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
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| Rape myth acceptance | The Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale Short Form (IRMA-SF) was used to measure rape myths. This scale is a continuous scale measure with a range of 20 (no endorsement of rape myths) to 100 (high endorsement of rape myths). | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
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| Outcome expectancies for engaging in rape | This scale measures men's beliefs in positive outcomes for perpetrating sexual violence against a woman. The scale is continuous and ranges from 14 (no agreement with positive outcomes) to 70 (high degree of agreement with positive outcomes). | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
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| Empathy for rape victims | This scale is called the Rape Empathy scale and measures the degree of empathy for rape victims. The scale ranges from 19 (no empathy) to 95 (high level of empathy). | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
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| Hostility towards women | This is the Hostility Toward Women Scale that is a continuous measure that ranges from 0 (no hostility) to 10 (high degree of hostility). | Mean | Standard Deviation | scales on a scale |
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| Date rape attitudes | This is the Rape Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (RABS) that measures positive attitudes toward date rape. This continuous scale ranges from 50 (negative attitudes toward date rape) to 250 (very positive). | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
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| Hyper-gender ideology | Hypergender Ideology Scale Short Form (HGIS-S) is a continuous scale measure that assesses men's endorsement of masculine gender roles and ranges from 19 (no endorsement) to 95 (high degree of endorsement). | Mean | Standard Deviation | scores on a scale |
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| Sexual coercion perpetration | This index is the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2): Sexual Coercion Subscale and assesses 7 sexually coercive-violent behaviors. The index ranges from 0 (no self report of sexually coercive behavior) to 7 (engaged in all of the behaviors). | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale |
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| Prosocial intervening | This scale is the Reactions to Offensive Language and Behavior (ROLB) that measures whether or not men confronted inappropriate behaviors of other men. We used the 7-item self-behavior subscale plus an additional 8 items,which directly reflected the content of RealConsent. A series of 15 potential intervening situations were presented and participants were asked to indicate whether they had experienced the situation (yes/no), and whether they had intervened (yes/no). The scale ranges from 0% (did not intervene) to 100% (intervened each time). | Mean | Standard Deviation | percent scores on a scale |
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| OG001 | Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention | A 3-hour web-based program designed to teach male college student bystanders to intervene. Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention: This 3-hour web-based program consists of six 30-minute modules that are interactive and range in number of segments (1-14) and types of activities. Each of the modules involves interactivity, didactic activities and two episodes of a serial drama, which allows for the modeling of positive behaviors and illustrate both positive and negative outcome expectations for intervening and for perpetrating abuse against women. Behaviors modeled include communicating with female sex partners, obtaining informed consent to have sex, and intervening to prevent abuse from taking place. |
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| Secondary | Sexual Violence Perpetration | This scale is the Conflict Tactics Scale revised, Sexual Coercion Subscale and assessed the number of sexually coercive/violent behaviors engaged in during the past 6 months. The index ranges from 0 (no engagement in any sexual violence) to 7 (engaged in all 7 sexually violent behaviors). | For some of the variables in this analysis, there were missing data. ANCOVA performed in SPSS will use a listwise deletion. This resulted in n=87 and n=115 for this analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | 6 months |
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| 0 |
| 367 |
| 0 |
| 367 |
| EG001 | Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention | A 3-hour web-based program designed to teach male college student bystanders to intervene. Bystander & Sexual Violence Prevention: This 3-hour web-based program consists of six 30-minute modules that are interactive and range in number of segments (1-14) and types of activities. Each of the modules involves interactivity, didactic activities and two episodes of a serial drama, which allows for the modeling of positive behaviors and illustrate both positive and negative outcome expectations for intervening and for perpetrating abuse against women. Behaviors modeled include communicating with female sex partners, obtaining informed consent to have sex, and intervening to prevent abuse from taking place. | 0 | 376 | 0 | 376 |
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