Background Several studies have shown the effect of osteopathic manipulative treatment on neonatal care in reducing length of stay, gastrointestinal problems, clubfoot complications and improving cranial asymmetry of infants affected by plagiocephaly. Despite several results obtained, there is still lack of standardized osteopathic evaluation and treatment procedures for newborns recovered in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

The aim of this research is to provide a guideline on osteopathic approach in treating hospitalized newborns. Specific evaluation tests and treatments have been developed to tailor osteopathic method according to preterm and term infants' needs, NICU environment, medical and paramedical assistance.

Inclusion Criteria:

• newborn admitted to neonatal intensive care unit
• informed consent signed from parent or legal guardian

Exclusion Criteria:

• post surgery patients