The present study evaluate the safety and efficacy of EUS-guided ethanol-lipiodol ablation for the treatment of pancreatic NET

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, including insulinoma, increasingly are being encountered in clinical practice. Management of pancreatic NET is challenging because most are asymptomatic but may have malignant potential, and surgical resection of pancreatic neoplasm is associated with substantial morbidity of 20%-40% and a mortality rate of 2%. Management strategy needs to be individualized, applying a risk-benefit analysis to each patient. Recently, pancreatic tissue ablation by EUS-guided injection of ethanol or other chemotherapeutic agents can be performed safely, with few procedure-related complications. Levy et al. demonstrated that EUS-guided ethanol ablation for insulinoma was both safe and feasible, and symptomatic improvement was achieved in 8 of 8 patients (100%). However, previous study have included only a small number of patients and evaluated only short-term outcomes. In addition, lipiodol permits the drug to concentrate in the tumor. To obtain an embolic effect and prevent washout of the ethanol, ethanol/lipiodol mixture is administered into the tumor. The present study evaluate the safety and efficacy of EUS-guided ethanol-lipiodol ablation for the treatment of pancreatic NET

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pancreas NET(including insulinoma) < 2cm in diameter
• Poor surgical candidate (involving the head of the pancreas or multifocal NET, advanced comorbidity, age >75 years of age)
• Refuse to surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

• Younger than 18 years of age
• Coagulopathy (INR >1.5, Platelet <50,000)
• Evidence of active pancreatitis
• Inability to safely undergo EUS
• Refuse to participate