Brain and Peripheral Electrical Stimulation in Chronic Low Back Pain: a Factorial Design

Treatment of Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain With Brain and Peripheral Electrical Stimulation: a Factorial, Randomized Controlled Trial

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of brain and peripheral electrical stimulation on chronic non-specific low back pain patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Males and females aged > 18 years and <65 years
• Complaining of back pain for more than three months
• Presence of a chronic pain measurable with the number rating scale (NRS 0-10) not less than 4 during a 1 week daily NRS monitoring
• Seeking care for low back pain

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous surgery on the spine, spondylolisthesis
• Previous treatment with TENS <6 months
• Previous treatment with tDCS
• Disc herniation with nerve compression
• Neurological, psychiatric and rheumatologic diseases
• Impaired sensibility
• Use of pacemakers or other implanted devices
• Pregnancy