Assessment of Acute Renal Injury During Partial Nephrectomy Using Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (NGAL): Prospective Comparative Study Between Open, Video-assisted Minilaparotomy, Laparoscopic, and Robotic-assisted Laparoscopic Surgery

Urinary Neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been recently reported to be related with the degree of acute kidney injury. We are trying to analyze whether it is related with the grade of acute kiney injury after partial nephrectomy and there is any difference between the kinds of surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. adults patient more than 20 years old with ASA score 1-3
2. the patients who undergoing partial nephrectomy for the renal mass less than 7 cm

Exclusion Criteria:

1. the patient with previous history with renal surgery
2. the patient with bilateral partial nephrectomy
3. the patient with synchronous operation for other intraperitoneal surgery
4. the renal mass more than 7 cm
5. previous kinds of surgery is changed into other kinds due to bleeding, etc
6. the patient with serum Cr level more than 1.4 mg/dl
7. the patient who does not understand the consent form