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This study examines the effects of carbohydrate type (high- or low-Glycemic Index (GI)) and amount (high- or low-Glycemic Load (GL)) have on blood glucose levels, blood pressure and arterial stiffness in healthy individuals. It will also determine whether subjective ratings such as test meal palatability and hunger are related to changes in blood glucose. The investigators hypothesize that: (1) High-GI meals, regardless of GL, will increase arterial stiffness; low-GI meals, regardless of GL, will have a neutral or lowering effect on arterial stiffness (augmentation index). (2) High-GI meals, regardless of GL, will have an elevating effect on both central and peripheral blood pressures. (3) The incremental area under the curve for blood glucose will show most significant differences between high-GI, high-GL and low-GI, low-GL meals at 30 and 90 min.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low-GI, High-GL Meal | Experimental | Boiled Pasta |
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| Low-GI, High GL Meal | Experimental | Boiled Chickpeas with Oil |
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| High-GI, High-GL Meal | Experimental | Instant Mashed Potatoes |
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| High-GI, Low-GL Meal | Experimental | Instant Mashed Potatoes with Egg Whites |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boiled Pasta | Other |
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| |
| Boiled Chickpeas with Oil |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| To measure postprandial changes in augmentation index (AIx) to determine the acute effect of high- and low-GI and high- and low-GL meals on arterial stiffness. | 4 separate mornings, measurements taken at baseline and at 60, 120, 180 and 240 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| To determine the acute effect of high- and low-GI and high- and low- GL meals on central and peripheral blood pressure | 4 separate mornings, measurements taken at baseline, 60, 120, 180 and 240 minutes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| To determine whether the effects of high- and low-GI and high- and low-GL meals on postprandial glycemia are correlation with arterial stiffness, central and peripheral blood pressure. | 4 separate mornings, measurements taken at baseline 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Alexandra Jenkins, PhD, RD | Unity Health Toronto | Principal Investigator |
| Vladimir Vuksan (Co-Investigator), PhD | Unity Health Toronto | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital | Toronto | Ontario | M5B 1W8 | Canada |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009821 | Oils |
| D004529 | Egg White |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008055 | Lipids |
| D004531 | Eggs |
| D005502 | Food |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 |
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| Other |
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| Instant Mashed Potatoes | Other |
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| Instant Mashed Potatoes with Egg Whites | Other |
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| Physiological Phenomena |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |