Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
As a dentist, administering anesthetic to patients, especially children, proves to be one of the most difficult parts of a procedure. Pain is one of the most common symptom in dentistry, and a serious concern for the dentist. The pain of the local anesthetic injection has several causes. Of the many reasons for pain at the site of injection, the acidity of the solution is thought to be most important. This study will be measuring the effects of adding sodium bicarbonate (buffer) to local anesthetic during dental procedures. This is commonly used in medical applications but is not widely used in the dental setting. Using this biochemistry and human physiology, one can predict when buffering the lidocaine injection, a quicker response in analgesia and a decrease in pain during administration. I will be measuring the effect using several measuring devices to gauge if buffering the local anesthetic will benefit the pediatric dental patient by reducing the time it takes for the analgesic effect as well as decreasing the pain during administration. Along with time, I will be using the Wong-Baker Scale to assess the pain. This scale is standard protocol for assessing pain in the pediatric population. The pediatric dental population has aversions to dental procedures because of the associated pain produced from most procedures. If limiting the time it takes for the analgesic to take effect and decrease the pain altogether, the pediatric patient will be less likely to skip treatment therefore, increase dental health.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine | Active Comparator | 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine |
|
| Onset Mixing Pen by Onpharma | Experimental | Sodium Bicarbonate 8.4% mixed with the onset mixing pen |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Onset Mixing Pen by Onpharma | Device | Sodium Bicarbonate 8.4% |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in pain rating using the Wong-Baker scale | By buffering the lidocaine/epinephrine injection, one should see a decrease in in pain during the administration of the anesthetic. | During injection (about 5 minutes) |
| Time it takes for buffered injection to take effect measured in minutes. | minutes for the analgesic effect to take place. | 5 minutes |
Not provided
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Valerie Esker, DMD | Children's Hospital Colorado Dental Clinic | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children's Hospital Colorado Dental Clinic | Aurora | Colorado | 80045 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21592633 | Result | Kashyap VM, Desai R, Reddy PB, Menon S. Effect of alkalinisation of lignocaine for intraoral nerve block on pain during injection, and speed of onset of anaesthesia. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011 Dec;49(8):e72-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2011.04.068. Epub 2011 May 18. | |
| 1982735 | Result | Grassick P. The fear behind the fear: a case study of apparent simple injection phobia. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1990 Dec;21(4):281-7. doi: 10.1016/0005-7916(90)90030-o. |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine |
| Device |
2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine administered with a syringe prior to the procedure |
|
| 6622575 | Result | Arndt KA, Burton C, Noe JM. Minimizing the pain of local anesthesia. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1983 Nov;72(5):676-9. doi: 10.1097/00006534-198311000-00017. |
| 15493388 | Result | Meit SS, Yasek V, Shannon CK, Hickman D, Williams D. Techniques for reducing anesthetic injection pain: an interdisciplinary survey of knowledge and application. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004 Sep;135(9):1243-50. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2004.0399. |
| 16384767 | Result | Burns CA, Ferris G, Feng C, Cooper JZ, Brown MD. Decreasing the pain of local anesthesia: a prospective, double-blind comparison of buffered, premixed 1% lidocaine with epinephrine versus 1% lidocaine freshly mixed with epinephrine. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006 Jan;54(1):128-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.06.043. |
| 23050753 | Result | Reed KL, Malamed SF, Fonner AM. Local anesthesia part 2: technical considerations. Anesth Prog. 2012 Fall;59(3):127-36; quiz 137. doi: 10.2344/0003-3006-59.3.127. |
| 22650087 | Result | Malamed SF, Falkel M. Advances in local anesthetics: pH buffering and dissolved CO2. Dent Today. 2012 May;31(5):88-93; quiz 94-5. No abstract available. |
| 2827545 | Result | Christoph RA, Buchanan L, Begalla K, Schwartz S. Pain reduction in local anesthetic administration through pH buffering. Ann Emerg Med. 1988 Feb;17(2):117-20. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(88)80293-2. |
| 18784857 | Result | Aminabadi NA, Farahani RM, Balayi Gajan E. The efficacy of distraction and counterstimulation in the reduction of pain reaction to intraoral injection by pediatric patients. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2008 Sep 1;9(6):33-40. |