Genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a major role in intrauterine growth and intrauterine programming. We intend to study genetic factors such as Telomere homeostasis, senescence, genomic instability and the presence of Genomic copy number variations in placental tissue from pregnancies complicated with Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR), Gestational and pre gestational Diabetes, placentas from IVF pregnancies and from normal pregnancies. We also intend to assess these factors in cord blood and maternal blood.

Based on the previous data from our group as well as other laboratories, we postulate that there is a correlation between impaired telomere homeostasis, senescence genomic instability and intra-uterine programming in placentas and in fetuses exposed to suboptimal intrauterine conditions such as hypoxia or hyperglycemia. Improved understanding of the mechanisms that produce the genomic changes in IUGR placentas and their influence on later risks of developing the metabolic syndrome should provide basis for future research that might lead into improved outcome of IUGR fetuses.

Inclusion Criteria:

• A diagnosis of Intrauterine growth restriction
• A diagnosis of Gestational diabetes
• A diagnosis of pre gestational Diabetes
• IVF pregnancy

Exclusion Criteria:

• chorioamnionitis
• meconium stained amniotic fluid
• A request of the patient for Cord blood retrieval for preservation

Samples from pregnancies complicated with IUGR, Gestational and pre gestational Diabetes, placentas from IVF pregnancies and from normal pregnancies. We intend to assess these factors in placental tissue, in cord blood and maternal blood.