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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17-2013-506 | Other Grant/Funding Number | JDRF |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation | OTHER |
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The objective of the proposed research is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the use of metformin in addition to standard insulin therapy in overweight and obese children and adolescents, age 12-<20 years, with type 1 diabetes for at least 1 year. Secondary objectives are to assess the effect of metformin on C-peptide levels, a measure of how much insulin is still being produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, and on vascular dysfunction. In addition, an ancillary study is planned to assess if metformin will improve tissue-specific insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin | Experimental | Metformin 2000 mg per day |
|
| Oral Placebo | Placebo Comparator | A central pharmacy will compound a placebo to match the metformin tablets. The placebo product will contain the following components:
|
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin (glucophage) | Drug | The strength of each tablet will be 500 mg. Participants will build up to a daily dose over four weeks by taking one tablet per day for 7 days, one tablet twice daily for 7 days, one tablet in morning and 2 tablets at night for 7 days, and then 2 tablets in the morning and 2 tablets at night, daily throughout the remainder of the study treatment period. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Hemoglobin A1c From Baseline to 26 Weeks, Adjusted for Baseline Hemoglobin A1c. | Hemoglobin A1c is a measure of glycemic control over approximately the past 3 months | 0-26 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Total Daily Dose of Insulin (TDI) Per kg | 0-26 weeks | |
| Change in Body Mass Index (BMI) | 0-26 weeks | |
| Change in Waist Circumference |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Liver Enzymes and Serum Creatinine | 0-26 weeks | |
| Frequency of Severe Hypoglycemia | 26 weeks | |
| Frequency of Diabetic Ketoacidosis |
Inclusion Criteria:
Clinical diagnosis of presumed autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) as indicated by age of diagnosis <10 years or documented positive diabetes-related autoantibodies.
a. Note: For randomization, presence of at least one of the diabetes-related autoantibodies [Insulin autoantibodies (IAA) at diagnosis prior to initiation of insulin, Islet cell antibodies (ICA), Anti-GAD (GAD65), Anti-IA2 (IA2), Zinc Transporter 8 (ZnT8)] must be documented either from medical records or new laboratory measurement (IAA and ICA not measured by central lab) sent to central lab for participants who were ā„10 years old at diagnosis.
Age: 12 to <20 years.
Duration of type 1 diabetes: ā„1 years.
Current insulin regimen involves either use of an insulin pump or multiple daily injections of insulin (at least 3 shots per day) for the last three months, with no plans to switch the modality of insulin administration during the next 6 months (e.g., injection user switching to a pump, pump user switching to injections).
Hemoglobin A1c: 7.5% - <10.0% from point of care measurement or local lab on day of screening visit or within 1 month prior.
BMI: ā„85th percentile adjusted for age and sex .
Total daily dose of insulin: ā„0.8 units per kg per day.
Average of ā„3 Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG) tests per day prior to initiating study and from download of study-provided blood glucose meter following screening visit.
Available for at least 6 months of follow-up, has home phone (or access to phone), and willing to be contacted by clinical site staff.
Expected to comply with protocol in investigator's judgment.
Exclusion Criteria:
Use of non-insulin medications for blood glucose control within prior 6 months or planning to use within next 6 months (other than study drug).
Use of medications for weight reduction (such as: Belviq (lorcaserin), Qsymia (Phentermine + topiramate), Orlistat (xenical)) within the prior 6 months or planning to use within next 6 months.
Use of a medication such as stimulants, psychotropic agents and oral/inhaled glucocorticoids that could affect weight gain or glycemic control of T1D or planning to use within the next 6 months.
Any condition that in the judgment of the investigator will adversely affect the completion of the protocol.
Females: pregnant, lactating, or intending to become pregnant within the next 34 weeks
Clinical diagnosis of celiac disease that is in poor control as defined by most recent tissue transglutaminase (tTG) that is in the abnormal range.
History of ā„1 diabetic ketoacidosis events in the past 3 months.
History of ā„1 severe hypoglycemic events (cognitive impairment that required assistance to treat) in the past 3 months.
History of anemia or vitamin B12 deficiency in the past 2 years.
Participation in an intervention study in the past 3 months.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kellee Miller, MPH | Jaeb Center for Health Research | Principal Investigator |
| Ingrid Libman, MD, PhD | Childrens Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center | Study Chair |
| Kristen Nadeau, MD | University of Colorado Denver/Childrens Hospital Colorado | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jaeb Center for Health Research | Tampa | Florida | 33647 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14514594 | Background | Libman IM, Pietropaolo M, Arslanian SA, LaPorte RE, Becker DJ. Changing prevalence of overweight children and adolescents at onset of insulin-treated diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003 Oct;26(10):2871-5. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.10.2871. | |
| 23092524 | Background | Kaminski BM, Klingensmith GJ, Beck RW, Tamborlane WV, Lee J, Hassan K, Schatz D, Kollman C, Redondo MJ; Pediatric Diabetes Consortium. Body mass index at the time of diagnosis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes in children. J Pediatr. 2013 Apr;162(4):736-740.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.09.017. Epub 2012 Oct 23. |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Metformin | Metformin 2000 mg per day Metformin (glucophage): The strength of each tablet will be 500 mg. Participants will build up to a daily dose over four weeks by taking one tablet per day for 7 days, one tablet twice daily for 7 days, one tablet in morning and 2 tablets at night for 7 days, and then 2 tablets in the morning and 2 tablets at night, daily throughout the remainder of the study treatment period. |
| FG001 | Oral Placebo | A central pharmacy will compound a placebo to match the metformin tablets. The placebo product will contain the following components:
oral placebo |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Metformin | Metformin 2000 mg per day Metformin (glucophage): The strength of each tablet will be 500 mg. Participants will build up to a daily dose over four weeks by taking one tablet per day for 7 days, one tablet twice daily for 7 days, one tablet in morning and 2 tablets at night for 7 days, and then 2 tablets in the morning and 2 tablets at night, daily throughout the remainder of the study treatment period. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change in Hemoglobin A1c From Baseline to 26 Weeks, Adjusted for Baseline Hemoglobin A1c. | Hemoglobin A1c is a measure of glycemic control over approximately the past 3 months | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | percentage | 0-26 weeks |
|
Not provided
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Metformin | Metformin 2000 mg per day Metformin (glucophage): The strength of each tablet will be 500 mg. Participants will build up to a daily dose over four weeks by taking one tablet per day for 7 days, one tablet twice daily for 7 days, one tablet in morning and 2 tablets at night for 7 days, and then 2 tablets in the morning and 2 tablets at night, daily throughout the remainder of the study treatment period. |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis | Endocrine disorders |
Not provided
Not provided
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kellee Miller | Jaeb Center for Health Research | 15310 Amberly Drive | t1dstats@jaeb.org |
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003922 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008687 | Metformin |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001645 | Biguanides |
| D006146 | Guanidines |
| D000578 | Amidines |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| oral placebo | Other |
|
| 0-26 weeks |
| Change in Body Composition | Change in percent body fat | 0-26 weeks |
| Change in Serum Lipids | 0-26 weeks |
| Change in Blood Pressure | 0-26 weeks |
| 26 weeks |
| Frequency of Gastrointestinal Side-effects Including Stomach Discomfort, Diarrhea, Nausea/Vomiting, Indigestion, Flatulence. | 26 weeks |
| Frequency of Lactic Acidosis | 26 weeks |
| Change in Adipocytokines | 0-26 weeks |
| Change in Androgen Levels in Females | 0-26 weeks |
| Change in C-peptide | Measured with mixed meal tolerance test among participants with evidence of residual C-peptide on a non-fasting C-peptide at screening | 0-26-weeks |
| Change in Vascular Dysfunction | 0-26 weeks |
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| 18721166 | Background | Nadeau KJ, Ehlers LB, Zeitler PS, Love-Osborne K. Treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with metformin versus lifestyle intervention in insulin-resistant adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. 2009 Feb;10(1):5-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00450.x. Epub 2008 Aug 20. |
| 20393934 | Background | Salpeter SR, Greyber E, Pasternak GA, Salpeter EE. Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Apr 14;2010(4):CD002967. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002967.pub4. |
| 18779236 | Background | Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group; Tamborlane WV, Beck RW, Bode BW, Buckingham B, Chase HP, Clemons R, Fiallo-Scharer R, Fox LA, Gilliam LK, Hirsch IB, Huang ES, Kollman C, Kowalski AJ, Laffel L, Lawrence JM, Lee J, Mauras N, O'Grady M, Ruedy KJ, Tansey M, Tsalikian E, Weinzimer S, Wilson DM, Wolpert H, Wysocki T, Xing D. Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 Oct 2;359(14):1464-76. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0805017. Epub 2008 Sep 8. |
| 20886205 | Background | Dabelea D, D'Agostino RB Jr, Mason CC, West N, Hamman RF, Mayer-Davis EJ, Maahs D, Klingensmith G, Knowler WC, Nadeau K. Development, validation and use of an insulin sensitivity score in youths with diabetes: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. Diabetologia. 2011 Jan;54(1):78-86. doi: 10.1007/s00125-010-1911-9. Epub 2010 Oct 1. |
| 26624824 | Derived | Libman IM, Miller KM, DiMeglio LA, Bethin KE, Katz ML, Shah A, Simmons JH, Haller MJ, Raman S, Tamborlane WV, Coffey JK, Saenz AM, Beck RW, Nadeau KJ; T1D Exchange Clinic Network Metformin RCT Study Group. Effect of Metformin Added to Insulin on Glycemic Control Among Overweight/Obese Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2015 Dec 1;314(21):2241-50. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.16174. |
| BG001 | Oral Placebo | A central pharmacy will compound a placebo to match the metformin tablets. The placebo product will contain the following components:
oral placebo |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Age, Customized | Number | years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized | Number | participants |
|
| Duration of Diabetes | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Duration of Diabetes (group) | Number | years |
|
| Body Mass Index (BMI) Z Score | Body mass index z-scores are measures of relative weight adjusted for child age and sex. The Z-score indicates the number of standard deviations away from a reference population in the same age range and with the same sex. A Z-score of 0 is equal to the mean. Negative numbers indicate BMI values lower than the mean and positive numbers indicate BMI values higher than the mean. | Mean | Standard Deviation | Z score |
|
| Body Mass Index (BMI) Percentile Group | Number | participants |
|
| Tanner Staging (Pubic Hair) | For all three sites of development, Tanner Stage 1 corresponds to the pre-pubertal form with progression to Tanner Stage 5, the final adult form. | Number | participants |
|
| Tanner Staging (Breasts/Genitals) | For all three sites of development, Tanner Stage 1 corresponds to the pre-pubertal form with progression to Tanner Stage 5, the final adult form. | Number | participants |
|
| Highest Parent Educaiton Level | Number | participants |
|
| Income Category | Number | participants |
|
| Insurance | Number | participants |
|
| Severe Hypoglycemia Events Since T1D Diagnosis | Number | episodes |
|
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis Events Since T1D Diagnosis | Number | episodes |
|
| HbA1c Lab | Mean | Standard Deviation | percentage |
|
| HbA1c Group | Number | participants |
|
| Mean Sensor Glucose | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/dL |
|
| Insulin Pump Use | Number | participants |
|
| Continuous Glucose Monitor Use | Number | participants |
|
| Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose per day | Mean | Standard Deviation | number of checks per day |
|
| Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose group | Number | participants |
|
| Total Daily Insulin | Mean | Standard Deviation | unit/kg/day |
|
| Total Daily Insulin Group | Number | participants |
|
| Total Basal/Long Acting Insulin | Mean | Standard Deviation | unit/kg/day |
|
| Body Mass Index (BMI) Percentile | Mean | Standard Deviation | percentile |
|
A central pharmacy will compound a placebo to match the metformin tablets.
The placebo product will contain the following components:
oral placebo
|
|
| Primary | Change in Hemoglobin A1c From Baseline to 26 Weeks, Adjusted for Baseline Hemoglobin A1c. | Hemoglobin A1c is a measure of glycemic control over approximately the past 3 months | Posted | Number | percentage of participants | 0-26 weeks |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Total Daily Dose of Insulin (TDI) Per kg | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | insulin per kg | 0-26 weeks |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Body Mass Index (BMI) | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | percentile | 0-26 weeks |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Waist Circumference | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | centimeters | 0-26 weeks |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Body Composition | Change in percent body fat | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | percentage of change | 0-26 weeks |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Serum Lipids | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | mg/dL | 0-26 weeks |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Blood Pressure | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | mm Hg | 0-26 weeks |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Change in Liver Enzymes and Serum Creatinine | Not Posted | 0-26 weeks | Participants |
| Other Pre-specified | Frequency of Severe Hypoglycemia | Not Posted | 26 weeks | Participants |
| Other Pre-specified | Frequency of Diabetic Ketoacidosis | Not Posted | 26 weeks | Participants |
| Other Pre-specified | Frequency of Gastrointestinal Side-effects Including Stomach Discomfort, Diarrhea, Nausea/Vomiting, Indigestion, Flatulence. | Not Posted | 26 weeks | Participants |
| Other Pre-specified | Frequency of Lactic Acidosis | Not Posted | 26 weeks | Participants |
| Other Pre-specified | Change in Adipocytokines | Not Posted | 0-26 weeks | Participants |
| Other Pre-specified | Change in Androgen Levels in Females | Not Posted | 0-26 weeks | Participants |
| Other Pre-specified | Change in C-peptide | Measured with mixed meal tolerance test among participants with evidence of residual C-peptide on a non-fasting C-peptide at screening | Not Posted | 0-26-weeks | Participants |
| Other Pre-specified | Change in Vascular Dysfunction | Not Posted | 0-26 weeks | Participants |
| 3 |
| 71 |
| 0 |
| 71 |
| EG001 | Oral Placebo | A central pharmacy will compound a placebo to match the metformin tablets. The placebo product will contain the following components:
oral placebo | 3 | 69 | 0 | 69 |
Not provided
Not provided
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| HbA1c <7.5% |
|
| Change in HDL |
|
| Change in Triglycerides |
|
| Change in Total Cholesterol |
|