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TARGet Kids! (The Applied Research Group for Kids) is a research study enrolling healthy children aged 0-5 years. The aim of the TARGet Kids! registry is to link early life exposures to health problems including obesity, micronutrient deficiencies, and developmental problems.
TARGet Kids! represents an innovative collaboration between child health researchers and children's primary care doctors (pediatricians and family physicians) to promote research that really matters and create solutions to some of the today's biggest health concerns. The results of this collaborative research study are not only improving the quality of children's healthcare but also the health of children across the country. Coordinated by Sick Kids and St. Michael's Hospital with data management services by the Applied Health Research Centre (AHRC), TARGet Kids! is the only primary care research network for children in Canada.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy children |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | Change in BMI over a 10 year follow-up period | 10 years (yearly measurements) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Nutrition | Nutritional risk | Yearly measurements |
| Development | Child development | Yearly measurements |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Children are recruited from 12 pediatric and family medicine primary care practices in Toronto, Ontario, and Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catherine Birken, MD, M.Sc., FRCPC | Contact | 416-813-7654 | 302129 | catherine.birken@sickkids.ca |
| Dalah Mason, MPH | Contact | 416-813-7654 | 302129 | dalah.mason@sickkids.ca |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| St. Michael's Hospital | Recruiting | Toronto | Ontario | M5B 1W8 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42321251 | Derived | Yoshida-Montezuma Y, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Jamnik J, Smith BT, Pabayo R, Kinlin LM, Vanderloo LM, Omand J, Maguire JL, Birken CS, Anderson LN. Changes in obesity and waist circumference in children and parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep. 2026 Jun 20. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-57151-8. Online ahead of print. | |
| 41049705 | Derived |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| TARGet Kids! website | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
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| Mental Health | Mental Health | Yearly measurements |
| Lifestyle Factors | Assessment of Lifestyle Factors that contribute to health | Yearly measurements |
| Child Behavior | Child behavior | Yearly measurements |
| Social Determinants | Social determinants of health | Yearly measurements |
| Education | Nutritional factors affects on education | Yearly measurements |
| Parenting | Parenting styles | Yearly measurements |
| Hospital for Sick Children | Recruiting | Toronto | Ontario | M5G 1X8 | Canada |
|
| Melville Pediatric Center | Recruiting | Montreal | Quebec | Canada |
|
| Borkhoff CM, Imsirovic H, Bayoumi I, Macarthur C, Nurse KM, To T, Feldman M, Lau E, Knight B, Birken CS, Maguire JL, Parkin PC. Developmental screening at 18 months using the Nipissing District Developmental Screen. Paediatr Child Health. 2025 May 11;30(6):477-485. doi: 10.1093/pch/pxaf023. eCollection 2025 Sep. |
| 41022151 | Derived | Kucab MD, Keown-Stoneman CD, Birken CS, Perlman M, Parsons J, D'Annunzio D, Thadani S, Allen CA, Maguire JL; TARGet Kids! Collaboration. Center-Based Childcare in Early Childhood and Nutritional Risk in Later Childhood: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Nutr. 2025 Dec;155(12):4530-4539. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.09.028. Epub 2025 Sep 27. |
| 37821023 | Derived | Nurse KM, Parkin PC, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Bayoumi I, Birken CS, Maguire JL, Macarthur C, Borkhoff CM. Association Between Family Income and Positive Developmental Screening Using the Infant Toddler Checklist at the 18-Month Health Supervision Visit. J Pediatr. 2024 Jan;264:113769. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113769. Epub 2023 Nov 1. |
| 37757868 | Derived | Palumbo AM, Kirkwood D, Borkhoff CM, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Muraca GM, Fuller A, Birken CS, Maguire JL, Brown HK, Anderson LN; TARGet Kids! Collaboration. Validation of Parent-reported Gestational Age Categories for Children Less Than 6 Years of Age. Epidemiology. 2023 Nov 1;34(6):767-773. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001645. Epub 2023 Sep 26. |
| 37356500 | Derived | Braddon KE, Keown-Stoneman CD, Dennis CL, Li X, Maguire JL, O'Connor DL, Omand JA, Simpson JR, Birken CS. Maternal Preconception Body Mass Index and Early Childhood Nutritional Risk. J Nutr. 2023 Aug;153(8):2421-2431. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.022. Epub 2023 Jun 24. |
| 37106078 | Derived | Kucab MD, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Birken CS, Perlman M, Maguire JL; TARGet Kids! Collaboration. Centre-based childcare in early childhood and growth in later childhood: a prospective cohort study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2023 Aug;47(8):724-731. doi: 10.1038/s41366-023-01316-2. Epub 2023 Apr 27. |
| 35834646 | Derived | Omand JA, Li X, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Borkhoff CM, Duku E, Lebovic G, Maguire JL, Mamdani MM, Parkin PC, Reid-Westoby C, Randall Simpson J, Tremblay MS, Janus M, Birken CS; TARGet Kids! Study Group. Body Weight at Age Four Years and Readiness to Start School: A Prospective Cohort Study. Child Obes. 2023 Jun;19(4):267-281. doi: 10.1089/chi.2022.0018. Epub 2022 Jul 13. |
| 34587245 | Derived | Omand JA, Janus M, Maguire JL, Parkin PC, Aglipay M, Randall Simpson J, Keown-Stoneman CDG, Duku E, Reid-Westoby C, Birken CS. Nutritional Risk in Early Childhood and School Readiness. J Nutr. 2021 Dec 3;151(12):3811-3819. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab307. |
| 34011305 | Derived | Hamid JS, Atenafu EG, Borkhoff CM, Birken CS, Maguire JL, Bohn MK, Adeli K, Abdelhaleem M, Parkin PC. Reference intervals for hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume in an ethnically diverse community sample of Canadian children 2 to 36 months. BMC Pediatr. 2021 May 19;21(1):241. doi: 10.1186/s12887-021-02709-w. |
| 33892660 | Derived | Bayoumi I, Birken CS, Nurse KM, Parkin PC, Maguire JL, Macarthur C, Randall Simpson JA, Borkhoff CM. Screening for marginal food security in young children in primary care. BMC Pediatr. 2021 Apr 23;21(1):196. doi: 10.1186/s12887-021-02674-4. |
| 32509978 | Derived | Gunaseelan V, Parkin PC, Wahi G, Birken CS, Maguire JL, Macarthur C, Borkhoff CM; Members of the TARGet Kids! Collaboration. Maternal ethnicity and iron status in early childhood in Toronto, Canada: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2020 Apr 6;4(1):e000635. doi: 10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000635. eCollection 2020. |
| 31748293 | Derived | Birken CS, Omand JA, Nurse KM, Borkhoff CM, Koroshegyi C, Lebovic G, Maguire JL, Mamdani M, Parkin PC, Randall Simpson J, Tremblay MS, Duku E, Reid-Westoby C, Janus M; TARGet Kids! Collaboration. Fit for School Study protocol: early child growth, health behaviours, nutrition, cardiometabolic risk and developmental determinants of a child's school readiness, a prospective cohort. BMJ Open. 2019 Nov 19;9(11):e030709. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030709. |
| 31685227 | Derived | Parkin PC, Koroshegyi C, Mamak E, Borkhoff CM, Birken CS, Maguire JL, Thorpe KE; TARGet Kids! Collaboration. Association between Serum Ferritin and Cognitive Function in Early Childhood. J Pediatr. 2020 Feb;217:189-191.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.09.051. Epub 2019 Nov 2. |
| 31104850 | Derived | Wong VCH, Maguire JL, Omand JA, Dai DWH, Lebovic G, Parkin PC, O'Connor DL, Birken CS; TARGet Kids! Collaboration. A Positive Association Between Dietary Intake of Higher Cow's Milk-Fat Percentage and Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Young Children. J Pediatr. 2019 Aug;211:105-111.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.03.047. Epub 2019 May 17. |
| 30630632 | Derived | Sypes EE, Parkin PC, Birken CS, Carsley S, MacArthur C, Maguire JL, Borkhoff CM; TARGet Kids! Collaboration. Higher Body Mass Index Is Associated with Iron Deficiency in Children 1 to 3 Years of Age. J Pediatr. 2019 Apr;207:198-204.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.11.035. Epub 2019 Jan 7. |
| 30487142 | Derived | Oatley H, Borkhoff CM, Chen S, Macarthur C, Persaud N, Birken CS, Maguire JL, Parkin PC; TARGet Kids! Collaboration. Screening for Iron Deficiency in Early Childhood Using Serum Ferritin in the Primary Care Setting. Pediatrics. 2018 Dec;142(6):e20182095. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-2095. |
| 30101330 | Derived | Borkhoff CM, Dai DWH, Jairam JA, Wong PD, Cox KA, Maguire JL, Birken CS, Macarthur C, Parkin PC; TARGet Kids! Collaboration. Breastfeeding to 12 mo and beyond: nutrition outcomes at 3 to 5 y of age. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Aug 1;108(2):354-362. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy124. |
| 29635496 | Derived | Eny KM, Chen S, Anderson LN, Chen Y, Lebovic G, Pullenayegum E, Parkin PC, Maguire JL, Birken CS; TARGet Kids! Collaboration. Breastfeeding duration, maternal body mass index, and birth weight are associated with differences in body mass index growth trajectories in early childhood. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Apr 1;107(4):584-592. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqx081. |
| 29183360 | Derived | Anderson LN, Carsley S, Lebovic G, Borkhoff CM, Maguire JL, Parkin PC, Birken CS. Misclassification of child body mass index from cut-points defined by rounded percentiles instead of Z-scores. BMC Res Notes. 2017 Nov 28;10(1):639. doi: 10.1186/s13104-017-2983-0. |
| 27852618 | Derived | Vanderhout SM, Birken CS, Parkin PC, Lebovic G, Chen Y, O'Connor DL, Maguire JL; TARGet Kids! Collaboration. Relation between milk-fat percentage, vitamin D, and BMI z score in early childhood. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Dec;104(6):1657-1664. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.139675. Epub 2016 Nov 16. |
| D012816 |
| Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |