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Patients after an acute blood clot in the veins are at risk for leg-related complications such as pain, swelling, and immobility. In addition, the occurrence of blood clots can have major implications for personal health including weight gain, blood clot recurrence and impairment in cardiovascular functioning. The goal of this study is to determine whether aerobic exercise training is a therapeutic strategy to offset risk factors for recurrent blood clots or leg complications.
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR), a formalized exercise and behavioral modification program, is the cornerstone of secondary prevention for heart disease. Implementation of CR early after an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with improved cardiac function and survival. As such, CR is now standard of care for a majority of hospital-based discharge programs following coronary events. In stark contrast, no similar program exists following an acute venous thromboembolism (VTE or blood clot), despite a high rate of limb and respiratory disability after VTE, shared risk factors with heart disease, and known beneficial impact of exercise training on VTE complications (e.g. post-thrombotic syndrome, PTS).
Body weight is a key modifiable risk factor driving risk of incident and recurrent VTE. Obese patients with prior VTE have a 2-fold higher risk of a second VTE compared to normal weight patients.(1) Importantly, VTE recurrence risk escalates if weight control is not established. Weight gain after acute DVT is common, with a mean 7% increase over 6 months.(2) To date, however, there is limited evidence regarding whether early initiation of exercise training following acute DVT is safe and feasible and mitigates weight gain associated with a VTE diagnosis. Previously, a significant decrease in body weight and fat mass loss was demonstrated utilizing high-caloric expenditure exercise in the CR setting.(3) Delineating the impact of high-caloric expenditure exercise to induce weight loss and reduce VTE complications and recurrence is a critical first step toward evaluating the role of early post-VTE rehabilitation in the clinical setting.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| VTE REHABILITATION | Experimental | The exercise prescription emphasizes gradual progression to longer duration (45-60 minutes per session), lower intensity (60-70% peak heart rate (PHR) exercise. Subjects have an exercise expenditure goal of >3000 kcal/wk, attained after 2 to 4 weeks of gradually lengthening exercise bouts. All exercise sessions will be performed onsite for the first two weeks, after which subjects will perform 2 additional sessions a week in the home environment. Exercise logs will be reviewed weekly. The Dietary Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention(BWL) intervention consists primarily of 12 small group sessions led by a dietician emphasizing dietary records, itemization of food, and caloric content. Subjects will be given individualized daily caloric goals 500 kcal less than predicted maintenance calories based on their baseline body weight. |
|
| CONTROL | No Intervention | The 12-week program will consist of monthly phone contacts to check-in to capture physical activity done outside of the intervention setting. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VTE REHABILITATION: High-Caloric Expenditure Exercise Training (HCE) and The Dietary Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention (BWL) | Behavioral |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Biomarkers of Obesity and VTE Recurrence | Blood work will be taken at baseline and 3 months. Measures will include adiponectin, leptin, resistin, visfatin, CRP, IL-6, PAI-1, endogenous thrombin potential, and D-dimer.Samples will be processed in the clinic with attention to issues related to coagulation activation, and plasma and serum will be stored at -80 degrees C in our laboratory. | 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Maximal Exercise Capacity | Maximal exercise capacity will be assessed on the treadmill with measurement of peak oxygen uptake, duration of treadmill exercise and maximal exercise intensity in METS. A continuous modified-Balke protocol will be used, with exercise increasing gradually at 1 MET increments at 2 minute intervals. | 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Feasibility | Feasibility will be evaluated by assessing the rates of study eligibility, acceptance, and overall accrual. | 3 months |
| Safety | Safety will be evaluated by the type and prevalence of adverse events during exercise-related assessments. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Susan G Lakoski, MD | University of Vermont | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flether Allen Healthcare | Burlington | Vermont | 05401 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18695082 | Background | Eichinger S, Hron G, Bialonczyk C, Hirschl M, Minar E, Wagner O, Heinze G, Kyrle PA. Overweight, obesity, and the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Aug 11;168(15):1678-83. doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.15.1678. | |
| 12679129 | Background | Ageno W, Piantanida E, Dentali F, Mera V, Squizzato A, Marchesi C, Steidl L, Venco A. Weight gain after acute deep venous thrombosis: a prospective observational study. Thromb Res. 2003 Jan 1;109(1):31-5. doi: 10.1016/s0049-3848(03)00145-2. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D015431 | Weight Loss |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D001836 | Body Weight Changes |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C007907 | HCE |
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| every 4 weeks, for up to 12 weeks |
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| D013568 |
| Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |