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The purpose of this study was to analyze microcurrent short and long term effects used with aerobic exercise on abdominal fat.
Nutritional patterns have been changed during XXI century with sugar and fat's high proportions that allied to sedentarism increased body fat. There is already a well establish relationship between total body fat excess, cardiometabolic diseases and increased mortality, knowing that abdominal fat (android pattern), different from body index, presents an additional influence to health risks. Women with their abdominal adipocytes (visceral fat) show an increased lipolitic activity that releases free fat acids to the systemic and portal circulation leading to a metabolic syndrome, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases Aerobic exercise is a way to decrease fat as it stimulates lipolysis through an increase in catecholamine's level resulting from a sympathetic system nervous activity raise. The most used exercise for lipid elimination is the prolonged aerobic moderate exercise with a minimum of 30 mn.
Nevertheless aerobic exercise practice reduce globally lipidic sources and not locally . Electrolipolysis using microcurrent has been used in clinical practice as a technique to reduce abdominal fat. This technique can be applied transcutaneously or percutaneously seeming that the former is not so effective as skin can be an obstacle to the current effect on visceral and subcutaneous fat .
Abdominal fat excess is associated with cardiometabolic diseases and can be prevented using microcurrent and aerobic exercise to stimulate lipolysis.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise after, Transcutaneos, 25-10Hz | Experimental | Experimental group 1 performed aerobic exercise just after microcurrent in the abdominal region with four transcutaneous electrodes in a parallel position, intensity below the sensivity threshold and a maximum of 1 mA. Every 15 minutes changed from 25Hz to 10 Hz. |
|
| 25-50Hz microcurrent | Experimental | Experimental group 2 performed aerobic exercise just after microcurrent in the abdominal region with four transcutaneous electrodes in a parallel position, intensity below the sensivity threshold and a maximum of 1 mA. Every 15 minutes changed from 25Hz to 50Hz. |
|
| percutaneous microcurrent | Experimental | Experimental group 3 performed aerobic exercise just after microcurrent in the abdominal region with four percutaneous electrodes in a parallel position, intensity below the sensivity threshold and a maximum of 1 mA. Every 15 minutes changed from 25Hz to 10 Hz. |
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| Exercise at same time | Experimental | Experimental group 4 performed aerobic exercise at the same time microcurrent in the abdominal region with four transcutaneous electrodes in a parallel position, intensity below the sensivity threshold and a maximum of 1 mA. Every 15 minutes changed from 25Hz to 10 Hz. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise after | Device | Aerobic exercise just after microcurrent in the abdominal region, intensity below the sensivity threshold and a maximum of 1 mA. 30 minutes of aerobic moderate-intensity exercise (50%VO2 max) using Karvonen´s formula, performed on a cycloergometer. Were used Borg scale (12-13) and Polar® heart monitors to control heart rate. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| subcutaneous abdominal fat and viceral abdominal fat | Ultrasound was performed at the end of expiration to measure subcutaneous abdominal fat between xiphoid apophysis and navel, below navel, and above left and right anterior superior iliac spine. Between xiphoid apophysis and navel was also measured visceral abdominal fat | five weeks after the intervencion |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| bioimpedance values | The height was measured with the volunteers on respiratory apnea. To minimize the influence of electrolyte balance changes in bioimpedance assessment, was given some rules to volunteers. It was calculated BMI using the body weight divided by height squared. | five weeks after the intervencion |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| International Physical Activity Questionnaire | moderate physical activity level were used to monitor lifestyle during sessions | five weeks after the intervencion |
| Food Frequency Questionnaire | Food Frequency Questionnaire were used to monitor lifestyle during sessions. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Andreia Noites, MSc | Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andreia Noites | Vila Nova de Gaia | Porto District | 4400-303 | Portugal | ||
| Andreia Noites |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17167477 | Background | Despres JP, Lemieux I. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature. 2006 Dec 14;444(7121):881-7. doi: 10.1038/nature05488. | |
| 19127177 | Background | Donnelly JE, Blair SN, Jakicic JM, Manore MM, Rankin JW, Smith BK; American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Feb;41(2):459-71. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181949333. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D056128 | Obesity, Abdominal |
| D024821 | Metabolic Syndrome |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
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|
| Control Group | Placebo Comparator | Control group performed aerobic exercise just after microcurrent in the abdominal region with four transcutaneous electrodes in a parallel position, but microcurrent device was switched off. |
|
|
|
| Exercise at same time | Device | Aerobic exercise at the same time microcurrent in the abdominal region, intensity below the sensivity threshold and a maximum of 1 mA. 30 minutes of aerobic moderate-intensity exercise (50%VO2 max) using Karvonen´s formula, performed on a cycloergometer. Were used Borg scale (12-13) and Polar® heart monitors to control heart rate. |
|
|
| Transcutaneos | Device | Microcurrent device in the abdominal region with four transcutaneous electrodes in a parallel position, intensity below the sensivity threshold and a maximum of 1 mA. |
|
|
| percutaneous microcurrent | Device | Microcurrent device in the abdominal region with four percutaneous electrodes in a parallel position, intensity below the sensivity threshold and a maximum of 1 mA. |
|
| 25-10Hz | Device | microcurrent device in the abdominal whith intensity below the sensivity threshold and a maximum of 1 mA. Every 15 minutes changed from 25Hz to 10 Hz. |
|
|
| 25-50Hz microcurrent | Device | microcurrent device in the abdominal whith intensity below the sensivity threshold and a maximum of 1 mA. Every 15 minutes changed from 25Hz to 50 Hz. |
|
| cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels |
The volunteers were on fasting (12 hours) and was collected a blood sample on finger to measure cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels. The results were recorded through the classes |
| five weeks after intervention |
| perimeters measurements | The perimeters measurements were done, at the end of expiration, at waist level (below last rib), at navel level, at the point immediately above the iliac crests and at trochanters level. The waist-hip ratio was calculated using the waist level perimeter divided by trochanters level perimeter | five weeks after intervencion |
| Suprailiac, vertical and horizontal abdominal skinfolds | Suprailiac, vertical and horizontal abdominal skinfolds were performed three times in right hemi body, by caliper | five weeks after intervencion |
| five weeks after intervencion |
| Vila Nova de Gaia |
| Porto District |
| 4400-330 |
| Portugal |
| 14694213 | Background | Ribeiro-Filho FF, Faria AN, Azjen S, Zanella MT, Ferreira SR. Methods of estimation of visceral fat: advantages of ultrasonography. Obes Res. 2003 Dec;11(12):1488-94. doi: 10.1038/oby.2003.199. |
| 21609289 | Background | Hamida ZH, Comtois AS, Portmann M, Boucher JP, Savard R. Effect of electrical stimulation on lipolysis of human white adipocytes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2011 Apr;36(2):271-5. doi: 10.1139/h11-011. |
| D009750 |
| Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D007333 | Insulin Resistance |
| D006946 | Hyperinsulinism |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |