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Influenza disease causes significant morbidity and mortality in the Unites States each year. Although influenza can cause morbidity in otherwise healthy individuals, adults with chronic lung disease have significantly increased rates of hospitalization from influenza-related illnesses compared to healthy adults. Influenza vaccination is the primary means of preventing influenza disease. Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all individuals 6 months of age and older in the United States. Influenza vaccination rates are sub-optimal, however. Patient reminder/recall has been shown, in multiple studies across a variety of age groups and health conditions, to increase immunization rates. However, the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different types of reminder/recall has not been well-studied, particularly in adults. In the fall of 2012, the Population and Prevention Services (PPS) Department at Kaiser Permanente Colorado (KPCO) is using 3 different reminder strategies for influenza vaccination among adults with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objective of this study is to provide a rigorous evaluation of which strategy is more effective and more cost-effective, to promote influenza vaccination.
At KPCO, postcards are typically sent to members each fall, to remind members to receive their annual influenza vaccine. At KPCO, interactive voice response (IVR) systems have been utilized for a number of prevention reminders, but have not in the past been used for influenza vaccination reminders. For the 2012-2013 influenza season, the PPS department is going to send three different types of reminders to their adult patients with certain chronic lung diseases (specifically, adults with asthma and COPD): postcards only; IVR reminders only; postcards plus IVR reminders. This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness, of an already-finalized operational plan for influenza reminders.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Postcard Only Reminder Group | Active Comparator | In the postcard reminder intervention, the member will receive a single postcard, addressed to the member with asthma or COPD. |
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| IVR Only Reminder Group | Active Comparator | In the IVR reminder intervention, targeted members will be contacted by the interactive voice response system |
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| Postcard and IVR Reminder Group | Active Comparator | In this group, individuals will receive both a postcard reminder and an IVR reminder. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Postcard and IVR Reminder Group | Behavioral | IVR: Subjects in this reminder group will receive an automated telephone call to their primary telephone number. A total of 2 call attempts per member will be made. The IVR system will provide a message about the importance of annual influenza vaccination. The member can also request additional information about influenza vaccination and influenza vaccination locations and times. Postcard: The postcard will be sent as a single postcard to each individual on the list. The postcard will be sent to the home address of the member. If the postcard is returned, the postcard will not be re-sent. The postcard does not identify that the member has a chronic health condition such as asthma or COPD. The postcard will be mailed during the last two weeks of September, 2012. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Receipt of influenza vaccine | The 2012-2013 influenza season, defined as October to April. | up to 7 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Total unit cost per outreach method | The time in months to develop, plan, and implement the intervention arms, as a function of cost. | up to 10 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Matthew F. Daley, MD | Kaiser Permanente | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kaiser Permanente Colorado | Denver | Colorado | 80237 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001249 | Asthma |
| D029424 | Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive |
| D007251 | Influenza, Human |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001982 | Bronchial Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D008173 | Lung Diseases, Obstructive |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
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| Postcard Only Reminder Group | Behavioral | Postcard: The postcard will be sent as a single postcard to each individual on the list. The postcard will be sent to the home address of the member. If the postcard is returned, due to an inaccurate address, the postcard will not be re-sent. The postcard does not identify that the member has a chronic health condition such as asthma or COPD. The postcard will be mailed during the last two weeks of September, 2012. |
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| IVR Only Reminder Group | Behavioral | IVR: Subjects in this reminder group will receive an automated telephone call to their primary telephone number. A total of 2 call attempts per member will be made. The IVR system will provide a message about the importance of annual influenza vaccination. The member can also request additional information about influenza vaccination and influenza vaccination locations and times. |
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| D012130 |
| Respiratory Hypersensitivity |
| D006969 | Hypersensitivity, Immediate |
| D006967 | Hypersensitivity |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D002908 | Chronic Disease |
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D009976 | Orthomyxoviridae Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |