This clinical trial studies nanoscale artificial nose (NA-NOSE) in monitoring response and detecting recurrence after surgery or radiation therapy in patients with stage I or stage II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using the NA-NOSE breath test may be an effective way to monitor response and detect recurrence of NSCLC after surgery or radiation therapy.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Determine if a suitable fraction of patients become NA-NOSE negative within three years post treatment. We will test the hypothesis that this fraction is at most 30% versus the alternative that it is at least 50%.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Determine if patients who become NA-NOSE negative post treatment then become NA-NOSE positive prior to clinical recurrence.

II. Estimate the time post treatment needed to become NA-NOSE negative. III. Estimate the lead time gained between a negative to positive NA-NOSE transition and clinical recurrence.

OUTLINE:

Patients undergo breath sample collection for the NA-NOSE breath test at baseline (2 pre-treatment samples), and post treatment samples at regularly scheduled follow up visits, for 2 years in the absence of disease progression.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients must either have histologic or pathologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or suspicious nodules/lesions which are going to be surgically resected before they are pathologically confirmed
• Patients must have stage I or II disease based on the parameters for staging NSCLC found in the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) cancer staging handbook seventh edition
• Patients must be deemed to be eligible candidates for either surgery or stereotactic radiation
• Stereotactic radiation treatment of stage I disease or adjuvant chemotherapy is allowed at the discretion of treating physician for the participating subject
• Patients who will have surgical resections must consent to the use of post-surgery tumor samples for correlative molecular studies
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 2
• Ability to travel to appointments and willingness to participate in this study
• Ability to understand and willingness to sign a consent and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) authorization form

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who have had a prior lung cancer within the last five years from the current diagnosis
• Patients having a prior malignancy within the past 3 years other than resected of basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, any in situ malignancy, or low-risk prostate cancer after curative therapy
• Patients with any prior systemic therapy for the current diagnosis of lung cancer
• Patients with a diagnosis of advanced stage disease (stage III or IV)
• Patients who are unable to comply with study and/or follow up procedures
• Patients who have uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
• Patients who are pregnant or are breast feeding