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The purpose of this study is to examine the short-term effects of complementing an educational program for hearing aid users with Internet support.
Aural rehabilitation aims to improve communication for people with hearing impairment. Education is widely regarded as an integral part of rehabilitation, but the effect of the delivery method of an educational program on the experience of hearing problems has rarely been investigated in controlled trials. Internet as a complement to aural rehabilitation has been tested in different studies with promising results. Though, until now not applied clinically as a part of an aural rehabilitation, focusing on hearing aid users with persistent self- reported hearing problems.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an internet-based aural rehabilitation for hearing aid users from a clinical population.
Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The intervention group followed a five-week program that consisted of reading material, home training assignments, online and telephone interaction with an audiologist, and participation in a discussion forum. The control group only had access to reading material.
The Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Communication Strategies Scale (CSS) were used to measure the outcomes of this study; and were recorded before and directly after the intervention as well as 6 months post-intervention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control group | Active Comparator | no professional support |
|
| Intervention group | Experimental | Professional support via Internet |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Behavioral | The intervention group followed a five-week program that consisted of reading material, home training assignments, online and telephone interaction with an audiologist, and participation in a discussion forum. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE) | The HHIE measures the experience of hearing loss in older people by focusing on the psycosocial and emotional effects of hearing loss. Higher score reflects a higher self-reported hearing problem. Minimum score for the total scale (reported) is 0 and maximum score is 100 points. | 5 weeks, 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) | The IOI-HA measures hearing aid outcomes. The IOI-HA includes seven questions, measuring specific dimensions of hearing aid outcomes: daily use, benefits, remaining activity limitations, satisfaction, remaining participation restrictions, impact on the environment, and quality of life. Each question is scored from 1 to 5 (reported), where a higher score indicates a better outcome. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gerhard Andersson, Professor | Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Technical Audiology, Linkoping University, Sweden; Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Swedish Institute. | Principal Investigator |
| Thomas Lunner, Professor | Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Technical Audiology, Linkoping University, Sweden; Oticon A/S, Research Centre Eriksholm, Snekkersten, Denmark. | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hearing Clinic, Hearing Organization | Borås | Vastra Gotalandsregion | 501 82 | Sweden |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28592571 | Derived | Malmberg M, Lunner T, Kahari K, Andersson G. Evaluating the short-term and long-term effects of an internet-based aural rehabilitation programme for hearing aid users in general clinical practice: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2017 Jun 6;7(5):e013047. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013047. |
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Participants who registered at the website and completed the screening form (n=108) were called for an interview to assess their eligibility; 104 informed an agreement to participate in the study. 14 of them did not fulfill the criteria for the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly, and 16 chose not to fill out the requested questionnaires.
2013-2014; Borås Hospital, Sweden; Alingsås Hospital, Sweden; Skene Hospital, Sweden.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Intervention Group | Professional support via Internet Intervention group: The intervention group is going to have access to a book and to a prepared compendium about communication strategies via the Internet and will receive weekly topic-based reading instructions related to the different chapters of the book or the compendium. The group will also have access to online and telephone support and access to an online discussion forum where new discussion topics will be posted each week. The project leader will evaluate the weekly data via the Internet. |
| FG001 | Control Group | no professional support Control group: The control group will only have access to the book's content via the Internet and will be asked to read and evaluate the content. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T0-T1, 5 Weeks |
| |||||||||||||
| T0-T2, 6 Months Follow-up |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Intervention Group | Professional support via Internet Intervention group: The intervention group is going to have access to a book and to a prepared compendium about communication strategies via the Internet and will receive weekly topic-based reading instructions related to the different chapters of the book or the compendium. The group will also have access to online and telephone support and access to an online discussion forum where new discussion topics will be posted each week. The project leader will evaluate the weekly data via the Internet. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | The Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE) | The HHIE measures the experience of hearing loss in older people by focusing on the psycosocial and emotional effects of hearing loss. Higher score reflects a higher self-reported hearing problem. Minimum score for the total scale (reported) is 0 and maximum score is 100 points. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 5 weeks, 6 months |
|
Directly after intervention (5 weeks), and 6 months post intervention
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Intervention Group | Professional support via Internet Intervention group: The intervention group is going to have access to a book and to a prepared compendium about communication strategies via the Internet and will receive weekly topic-based reading instructions related to the different chapters of the book or the compendium. The group will also have access to online and telephone support and access to an online discussion forum where new discussion topics will be posted each week. The project leader will evaluate the weekly data via the Internet. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milijana Malmberg, PhD student | Sodra Alvsborg, Hearing Organisation | 0046 703 80 36 63 | milijana.lundberg.malmberg@vgregion.se |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D034381 | Hearing Loss |
| D010358 | Patient Participation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006311 | Hearing Disorders |
| D004427 | Ear Diseases |
| D010038 | Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases |
| D012678 | Sensation Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
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| Control group | Behavioral | The control group only had access to reading material. |
|
| pre-measurement |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) | The HADS contains 14 items. Responses are scored from 0 to 3 and a higher score indicates more symptoms of anxiety and depression. Minimum score for the total scale (reported) is 0 and maximum score for the total scale is 42. | 5 weeks, 6 months |
| Communication Strategies Scale (CSS) | CSS is designed to analyze participants' behavior in various communication situations. Scoring for CSS ranges from 1 almost never to 5 almost always for subscales Verbal- and Nonverbal Strategies and conversely for Maladaptive Behaviors; indicating how frequent a specific situation or behavior occurs. Minimum score for the total scale (reported) is 0 and maximum score for the total scale is 125. | 5 weeks, 6 months |
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|
| BG001 | Control Group | no professional support Control group: The control group will only have access to the book's content via the Internet and will be asked to read and evaluate the content. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Pure-tone average | Measuring the presence of conductive or sensorineural hearing loss of a mild to moderate degree, i.e., 20-60 dB HL. Pure-tone average (PTA) measured across 500-, 1000-, and 2000 Hz. | Mean | Standard Deviation | decibel Hearing Level |
|
| Number of Hearing Aids | Number | numbers |
|
| Use of hearing aid | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| OG001 | Control Group | no professional support Control group: The control group will only have access to the book's content via the Internet and will be asked to read and evaluate the content. |
|
|
|
| Secondary | International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) | The IOI-HA measures hearing aid outcomes. The IOI-HA includes seven questions, measuring specific dimensions of hearing aid outcomes: daily use, benefits, remaining activity limitations, satisfaction, remaining participation restrictions, impact on the environment, and quality of life. Each question is scored from 1 to 5 (reported), where a higher score indicates a better outcome. | The IOI-HA was used only at the pre-masurement point, to select descriptive data about the participants. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | pre-measurement |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) | The HADS contains 14 items. Responses are scored from 0 to 3 and a higher score indicates more symptoms of anxiety and depression. Minimum score for the total scale (reported) is 0 and maximum score for the total scale is 42. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 5 weeks, 6 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Communication Strategies Scale (CSS) | CSS is designed to analyze participants' behavior in various communication situations. Scoring for CSS ranges from 1 almost never to 5 almost always for subscales Verbal- and Nonverbal Strategies and conversely for Maladaptive Behaviors; indicating how frequent a specific situation or behavior occurs. Minimum score for the total scale (reported) is 0 and maximum score for the total scale is 125. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 5 weeks, 6 months |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 37 |
| 0 |
| 37 |
| EG001 | Control Group | no professional support Control group: The control group will only have access to the book's content via the Internet and will be asked to read and evaluate the content. | 0 | 37 | 0 | 37 |
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| D009461 |
| Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010342 | Patient Acceptance of Health Care |
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D008722 | Methods |
| 3. Remaining activity limitation |
|
| 4. Satisfaction |
|
| 5. Remaining participation restriction |
|
| 6. Impact on environment |
|
| 7. Quality of life |
|
| 6 months post-measurement |
|
| 6 months post-measurement |
|