The same intervention was provided to the wait-list control group at the end of 8 weeks when the intervention completed their intervention classes.

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure quality of sleep. The PSQI is a 19-item self-rated questionnaire for evaluating subjective sleep quality over the previous month. The 19 questions are combined into 7 clinically-derived component scores, each weighted equally from 0-3 whereby 3 reflects the negative extreme on the Likert Scale. The 7 component scores are added to obtain a global score ranging from 0-21, with higher scores indicating worse sleep quality. A global score of ≥ 5 on the PSQI total scale, which is computed as a sum of the seven subscales (e.g., sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep disturbance, sleep efficiency, and use sleep medication) is associated with clinically significant sleep disruptions, including insomnia and major mood disorders.

The self-perceived quality of life was assessed using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) which measures a total of 8 health domains: 4 physical and 4 mental component summary scales. Physical Health (physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, and general health)and Mental Health (vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health) Composite Scores (PCS & MCS) are computed using the scores of twelve questions and range from 0 to 100, where a zero score indicates the lowest level of health measured by the scales and 100 indicates the highest level of health. The Cantril Self-Anchoring Ladder that measures both "current" and "in 5 years" using steps from 0 to 10, where "0" represents the worst possible life and "10" represents the best possible life.

BMI was calculated using the participant's weight and height, kg/m^2.

Acceptability was evaluated by the participants' perceived difficulty of the yoga class and level of enjoyment. Upon completion of the yoga program, perceived level of program difficulty was rated by participants using a scale of 1 - 10 where 10 represents "extremely difficult" and a scale of 1 - 10 where 10 represents "most enjoyable" was used to measure perceived level of program enjoyment. Data from both intervention and wait-list control (during the intervention period) groups were collected.

Safety was assessed by measuring the frequency of yoga related injuries that occur from group or home-based exercise sessions during the active treatment periods.

The number of months it took to recruit 36 participants.

The yoga intervention received eight 60 minute weekly Hatha yoga intervention classes and asked to practice additional 30 minute yoga per day at home.

Hatha yoga : Hatha yoga poses that were specifically designed by a group of yoga experts for older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Program included physical poses and sequence that focus on strengthening the lower extremities, and relaxation techniques.

Total of all reporting groups

The yoga intervention received eight 60 minute weekly Hatha yoga intervention classes and asked to practice additional 30 minute yoga per day at home.

Hatha yoga : Hatha yoga poses that were specifically designed by a group of yoga experts for older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Program included physical poses and sequence that focus on strengthening the lower extremities, and relaxation techniques.

Secondary outcome measures included physical performance of the LE which was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) developed by the National Institute on Aging. The test consists of three components: repeated chair stands (4 points), balance (4 points), and timed 8" walk (4 points). A maximum score of 12 points can be achieved. Higher values indicate better physical functions.

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure quality of sleep. The PSQI is a 19-item self-rated questionnaire for evaluating subjective sleep quality over the previous month. The 19 questions are combined into 7 clinically-derived component scores, each weighted equally from 0-3 whereby 3 reflects the negative extreme on the Likert Scale. The 7 component scores are added to obtain a global score ranging from 0-21, with higher scores indicating worse sleep quality. A global score of ≥ 5 on the PSQI total scale, which is computed as a sum of the seven subscales (e.g., sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep disturbance, sleep efficiency, and use sleep medication) is associated with clinically significant sleep disruptions, including insomnia and major mood disorders.

The self-perceived quality of life was assessed using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) which measures a total of 8 health domains: 4 physical and 4 mental component summary scales. Physical Health (physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, and general health)and Mental Health (vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health) Composite Scores (PCS & MCS) are computed using the scores of twelve questions and range from 0 to 100, where a zero score indicates the lowest level of health measured by the scales and 100 indicates the highest level of health. The Cantril Self-Anchoring Ladder that measures both "current" and "in 5 years" using steps from 0 to 10, where "0" represents the worst possible life and "10" represents the best possible life.

BMI was calculated using the participant's weight and height, kg/m^2.

Feasibility was measured by the retention rate during the 8 weeks program. Data from both intervention and wait-list control (during their treatment period) groups were collected. Participants' class attendance (average number of classes attended) was evaluated.

Feasibility was also measured by the home practice adherence rate during the 8 weeks program. Data from both intervention and wait-list control (during their treatment period) groups were collected. Home yoga practice adherence was determined by participants' report of the average number of minutes of yoga practiced at home.

Acceptability was evaluated by the participants' perceived difficulty of the yoga class and level of enjoyment. Upon completion of the yoga program, perceived level of program difficulty was rated by participants using a scale of 1 - 10 where 10 represents "extremely difficult" and a scale of 1 - 10 where 10 represents "most enjoyable" was used to measure perceived level of program enjoyment. Data from both intervention and wait-list control (during the intervention period) groups were collected.

Safety was assessed by measuring the frequency of yoga related injuries that occur from group or home-based exercise sessions during the active treatment periods.

A single question that asked about the number of pain medications used per day for knee OA was also used to measure OA pain status.

The number of months it took to recruit 36 participants.

The yoga intervention received eight 60 minute weekly Hatha yoga intervention classes and asked to practice additional 30 minute yoga per day at home.

Hatha yoga : Hatha yoga poses that were specifically designed by a group of yoga experts for older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Program included physical poses and sequence that focus on strengthening the lower extremities, and relaxation techniques.